Short-Term Efficacy of Click City®: Tobacco: Changing Etiological Mechanisms Related to the Onset of Tobacco Use

Abstract

This paper described the short-term results from an ongoing randomized controlled efficacy study of Click City ® : Tobacco, a tobacco prevention program designed for 5 th graders, with a booster in sixth grade. Click City ® : Tobacco is an innovative school-based prevention program delivered via an intranet, a series of linked computers with a single server. The components of the program target theoretically based and empirically supported etiological mechanisms predictive of future willingness and intentions to use tobacco and initiation of tobacco use. Each component was designed to change one or more etiological mechanisms and was empirically evaluated in the laboratory prior to inclusion in the program. Short-term results from 47 elementary schools (24 schools who used Click City ® : Tobacco, and 23 who continued with their usual curriculum) showed change in intentions and willingness to use tobacco from baseline to one-week following the completion of the 5 th grade sessions. The results demonstrate the short-term efficacy of this program and suggest that experimentally evaluating components prior to including them in the program contributed to the efficacy of the program. The program was most efficacious for students who were most at risk.

Age differences in alcohol prototype perceptions and willingness to drink in UK adolescents

“…The PWM has been used as the basis for interventions which have shown promise in targeting risk behaviours, for example increasing condom use (Blanton et al, 2001) and reducing willingness to smoke (Andrews et al, 2011). Less research however, has explored the PWM in relation to adolescent drinking in the United Kingdom (UK), and no existing preventive interventions targeting this specific population have been identified.…”

Early adolescent cognitions as predictors of heavy alcohol use in high school

“…Health behavior cognitions have been shown to be modifiable (Andrews, Gordon, Hampson, Christiansen, Gunn, Slovic & Severson, 2010; Andrews, Hampson & Gordon, 2009; Sussman, 1989) and thus are important etiological mechanisms to target in prevention programs. However previous research has not linked health behavior cognitions regarding alcohol use in early adolescence to heavy drinking in mid adolescence, when youth are aged 14 to 18.…”

Consumer Health Information Technology in the Prevention of Substance Abuse: Scoping Review (Preprint)

“…Two studies by Andrew et al in 2011 and 2014 which analyzed the short and long term efficacy of "Click city tobacco intervention" found that the intervention had the potential to significantly postpone or prevent the initiation of cigarette use and regular smoking among students. However, while in the short term the intervention showed moderate effectiveness at changing intentions to use smokeless tobacco in the future, the effect did not persist in the long term [46,58]. Another study, (Deitz et al, 2011) which evaluated the effect of the Smart Rx web program found that it significantly increased participants' knowledge of proper prescription drug use, and improved their selfefficacy in ability to manage and adhere to appropriate treatments [33].…”