“…Although there are several conflicting theories about what gives rise to consciousness itself, studies spanning recording techniques and behavioral paradigms find characteristic activity in sensory areas followed by widespread activity in higher-level associative cortical regions, including frontal and parietal cortices. Studies on visual perception have dominated the field, and although auditory perceptual studies have made inroads, the number of studies examining other senses, including tactile (Eimer, Forster, & Van Velzen, 2003;Kida, Wasaka, Nakata, Akatsuka, & Kakigi, 2006;Schubert, Blankenburg, Lemm, Villringer, & Curio, 2006) and olfaction (Abbasi et al, 2020;Kim, Bae, Jin, & Moon, 2020) still lags far behind; though, notably, there is an extensive literature on pain perception that stands somewhat apart (Babiloni et al, 2001;Buchgreitz, Egsgaard, Jensen, Arendt-Nielsen, & Bendtsen, 2008;Douros, Karrer, & Rosenfeld, 1994;Egsgaard et al, 2012;McDowell et al, 2006;Truini et al, 2004). An expanded and rigorous study of the neural basis of consciousness across all sensory modalities is necessary to truly understand whether there are common mechanisms of conscious perception.…”