Short fiber formation during extrusion of polyethylene–sodium lignosulfonate blends

Albihn, Per; Franzén, B.; Kubát, J.; Rigdahl, Mikael

doi:10.1002/app.1986.070320506

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…Interestingly, the utility of lignosulfonates in enhancing the fiber formation of low density polyethylene during extrusion has recently been reported. 33 The differences between the two solution cast series are more subtle. A relatively smooth surface is seen with the pyridine sample which produced a sheetlike, or lamellar, fracture surface.…”

Section: Blend Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiphase materials with lignin. IV. Blends of hydroxypropyl cellulose with lignin

Rials

Glasser

1989

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SynopsisPolymer blends of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and organosolv lignin (OSL) were prepared by mixing in solutions of both pyridine and dioxane, and casting as films, and by mixing in the melt followed by extrusion. All preparations exhibited partial miscibility as evidenced by a single Tg up to a composition of 40 wt 56 lignin above which phase separation was detected. Dioxane-cast and injection-molded blends were distinguished from the pyridine-cast materials by a positive Tg deviation from additivity, an approximation which adequately described the latter. This positive deviation in Tg is attributed to the formation of a liquid-crystal mesophase with a resultant reduction of amorphous HPC available for interaction with the lignin component. This explanation is supported by a rapid rise in modulus ( -150%) and tensile strength with very low lignin content, and by an associated sharp decline in ultimate elongation. The development of morphological features, as observed by scanning electron microscopy provide further substantiation of this hypothesis.

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Section: Blend Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiphase materials with lignin. IV. Blends of hydroxypropyl cellulose with lignin

Rials

Glasser

1989

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Modification of nylon‐polyethylene blends via in situ fiber formation

Chen

Harrison

1998

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Extrusion of nylon-PE films has resulted in the successful in situ formation of high aspect ratio (possibly continuous) nylon fibers as desired. However, these fibers surprisingly provide no sigdicant reinforcement in uncompatibilized blends. While certain compatibilizing agents appear to give properties more characteristic of a fiber reinforced system, achieving higher levels of reinforcement (approaching those anticipated for fibers containing highly oriented molecules) is judged to be difficult using current methods. Based on analysis of yield stress versus modulus, the act of drawing films appears to have the greatest potential for improving reinforcement beyond the limiting case for unmodified polymers. However, the greatest challenge in realizing this potential lies in overcoming the limited extensibility allowed by nylon under normal conditions.

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Factors influencing the formation of elongated morphologies in immiscible polymer blends during melt processing

González‐Núñez

Favis

Carreau

et al. 1993

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The morphology of the dispersed phase in immiscible polymer blends plays an important role in the determination of the final physical properties. This paper considers factors that influence the final state of deformation of the dispersed phase, and in particular, the formation of fibers and lamellae. Blends of polyethylene and nylon-6 were extruded by ribbon extrusion at different draw ratios. Prior to single-screw extrusion the materials were blended in a co-rotating twinscrew extruder, and the size of the dispersed phase was studied as a function of the viscosity ratio. As the blends are extruded into ribbons and drawn through the calender rolls, the morphology of the dispersed phase undergoes drastic transformations. The fiber formation is enhanced by increasing the draw ratio. At high draw ratios, long thin fibers are observed. Some biaxial deformation is obtained for the noncompatibilized systems when the extruded materials enter the calender with the maximum closing pressure applied to the rolls. The same effect is observed for the compatibilized systems with lower values of the viscosity ratio. As a general rule, it has been observed that the final dispersed phase deformation is diminished in interfacially compatibilized systems.

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Short fiber formation during extrusion of polyethylene–sodium lignosulfonate blends

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Multiphase materials with lignin. IV. Blends of hydroxypropyl cellulose with lignin

Multiphase materials with lignin. IV. Blends of hydroxypropyl cellulose with lignin

Modification of nylon‐polyethylene blends via in situ fiber formation

Factors influencing the formation of elongated morphologies in immiscible polymer blends during melt processing

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