Short Communication. Photochemical Reactions of Riboflavin: Covalent Binding to DNA and to Poly (dA) · Poly (dT)

Ennever, John F.; Speck, William T.

doi:10.1203/00006450-198303000-00014

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…UV light alone inactivates E. coli and leukocytes and causes DNA degradation at a slower rate than observed in the presence of RB. Previous studies with RB used as a photosensitizer have shown that it binds to DNA (22,37), photosensitizes DNA strand breaks in mammalian cells (25) and induces modification within purified as well as intracellular DNA (20,37). On photolysis we observed that the combined effect of UV light and RB is more efficient in causing degradation of genomic DNA in bacteria and white cells as compared with the effects induced by UV light alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riboflavin and UV‐Light Based Pathogen Reduction: Extent and Consequence of DNA Damage at the Molecular Level

Kumar¹,

Lockerble²,

Kell³

et al. 2004

Photochem & Photobiology

101

133

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We are developing a technology based on the combined application of riboflavin (RB) and light for inactivating pathogens in blood products while retaining the biological functions of the treated cells and proteins. Virus and bacteria reduction measured by tissue culture infectivity or colony formation with UV light alone and in combination with RB yield equivalent results. The effects of RB as a sensitizing agent on DNA in white cells, bacteria and viruses in combination with UV light exposure have been evaluated. UV-mediated DNA degradation in Jurkat T cells and leukocytes in plasma as measured by the FlowTACS assay was significantly increased in the presence of RB. Agarose gel electrophoretic analysis of DNA in Escherichia coli and leukocytes in plasma demonstrated enhanced DNA degradation in the presence of RB. UV light in combination with RB prevented the reactivation of lambda phage compared with samples irradiated in the absence of RB. UV-mediated oxidative damage in calf thymus DNA was also enhanced in the presence of RB. These observations clearly demonstrate that the presence of RB and UV light selectively enhances damage to the guanine bases in DNA. These data also suggest that the type and extent of damage to DNA for virus in the presence of RB and light make it less likely to be repaired by normal repair pathways available in host cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riboflavin and UV‐Light Based Pathogen Reduction: Extent and Consequence of DNA Damage at the Molecular Level

Kumar¹,

Lockerble²,

Kell³

et al. 2004

Photochem & Photobiology

101

133

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“…This chemistry is believed to involve both oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent (electron transfer) processes. It has been described thoroughly in the chemical literature over the past several decades [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. The use of UV light with platelets and plasma also affords a third contributor to pathogen kill via the direct action of light.…”

Section: Vitamin B2 and Uv Light: The Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin B2 and Innovations in Improving Blood Safety

Goodrich¹,

Cardoso²,

Marschner³

2018

B Group Vitamins - Current Uses and Perspectives

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Although transfusion of blood components is becoming increasingly safe, the risk of transmission of known and unknown pathogens persists. The application of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and UV light to pathogen inactivation has several appealing factors. Riboflavin is a naturally occurring vitamin with a well-known and well-characterized safety profile. This photochemical-based method is effective against clinically relevant pathogens and inactivates leukocytes without significantly compromising the content and the efficacy of whole blood or blood component. This chapter gives an overview of the innovative technology for pathogen inactivation, the Mirasol ® pathogen reduction technology (PRT) System, based on riboflavin and UV light, summarizing the mechanism of action, toxicology profile, pathogen reduction performance and clinical efficacy of the process.

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“…Many in vitro studies have reported on the subclinical carcinogenic risk using a conventional light source. It was thought that a wavelength 400–450 nm, which induces the photosensitization of riboflavin, an endogenous substance, would pose a problem in phototherapy . Serious adverse reactions, however, were not reported in phototherapy using blue light including the white light generally used in clinical field, possibly because of the shielding effect of the Soret band of the hemoglobin at wavelengths of 400–500 nm…”

Section: Adverse Reactions Of Phototherapy For Neonatal Hyperbilirubimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was thought that a wavelength 400-450 nm, which induces the photosensitization of riboflavin, an endogenous substance, would pose a problem in phototherapy. [46][47][48][49] Serious adverse reactions, however, were not reported in phototherapy using blue light including the white light generally used in clinical field, possibly because of the shielding effect of the Soret band of the hemoglobin at wavelengths of 400-500 nm. 50 The same authors from California recently published two papers on an epidemiologic survey of phototherapy.…”

Section: Subclinical Carcinogenic Risk and Effect Of Aggressive Photomentioning

confidence: 99%

Phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

Itoh

Okada

Kuboi

et al. 2017

Pediatrics International

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Approximately 60 years ago in England, phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was used in clinical practice. It was introduced in Japan approximately 50 years ago. At that time, the mechanism underlying the serum bilirubin concentration decrease by phototherapy was still unknown. The mechanism was identified by chemists, biochemists, and pediatricians. Clarification started with the report that unconjugated bilirubin was excreted into bile after photoirradiation in Gunn rats. After confirmation of the molecular structure of bilirubin on X-ray analysis, the mechanism for bile excretion of unconjugated bilirubin was verified based on geometric configurational photoisomers in the Gunn rat. Finally, the reaction and excretion of structural bilirubin photoisomers was proved to be the main mechanism for the decrease in serum bilirubin during phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, which differs from the mechanism in the Gunn rat. The most effective and safest light source and the optimal method to evaluate phototherapy, however, remain unknown. Moreover, as for bronze baby syndrome, which is a well-known adverse reaction to phototherapy, the etiology is unclear. Hence, we review phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia including a fundamental understanding of the bilirubin photochemical reactions, and discuss the subclinical carcinogenic risk of phototherapy and the increased mortality rate of extremely low-birthweight infants due to aggressive phototherapy, which is becoming an increasing problem.

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Short Communication. Photochemical Reactions of Riboflavin: Covalent Binding to DNA and to Poly (dA) · Poly (dT)

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Riboflavin and UV‐Light Based Pathogen Reduction: Extent and Consequence of DNA Damage at the Molecular Level

Riboflavin and UV‐Light Based Pathogen Reduction: Extent and Consequence of DNA Damage at the Molecular Level

Vitamin B2 and Innovations in Improving Blood Safety

Phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

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