Short Communication: HIV Type 1 Subtype BF Leads to Faster CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cell Loss Compared to Subtype B

Tarosso, Leandro F.; Sanabani, Sabri Saeed; Ribeiro, Susan Pereira; Sauer, Mariana M.; Tomiyama, Helena; Sucupira, Maria Cecília Araripe; Diaz, Ricardo Sobhie; Sabino, Ester C.; Kalil, Jorge; Kallas, Esper G.

doi:10.1089/aid.2012.0243

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The subtype distribution in our study was 53.5% CRF01_AE, 14.9% B, 27.2% CRF07_BC/CRF08_BC and 4.4% other subtypes, which was consistent with previous reports 17, 18 , indicating that recombinant forms of the virus might be on the rise worldwide, which have already been associated with faster disease progression as seen in Cuba 19 and Brazil 20 . Most importantly, our study demonstrated that CRF01_AE is associated with faster HIV/AIDS progression, which is in agreement with a previous study conducted in China 14 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

HIV-1 CRF01_AE strain is associated with faster HIV/AIDS progression in Jiangsu Province, China

Chu

Zhang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The goal of this study was to assess risk factors associated with HIV/AIDS progression. Between May 2007 and December 2014, 114 subjects were enrolled in Wuxi City and examined every 6 months. The pol gene sequence was amplified to ascertain the HIV-1 subtype. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the factors associated with HIV/AIDS progression. The median follow-up time for all 114 subjects was 26.70 months (IQR: 18.50-41.47), while the median progression time of the 38 progressed subjects was 24.80 months (IQR: 14.13-34.38). Overall, the CRF01_AE subtype was correlated with a significant risk of accelerated progression compared to non-CRF01_AE subtypes (HR = 3.14, 95%CI: 1.39-7.08, P = 0.006). In addition, a lower CD4 count (350-499) at baseline was associated with a risk of accelerated HIV/AIDS progression compared to higher CD4 count (≥500) (HR = 4.38, 95%CI: 1.95-9.82, P < 0.001). Furthermore, interaction analyses showed that HIV-1 subtypes interacted multiplicatively with transmission routes or CD4 count at baseline to contribute to HIV/AIDS progression (P = 0.023 and P < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, the CRF01_AE subtype and a lower CD4 count at baseline tend to be associated with the faster progression of HIV/AIDS. Understanding the factors affecting HIV/AIDS progression is crucial for developing personalized management and clinical counselling strategies.Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been a major public health threat since its discovery in the United States in 1981. In general, the progression from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to AIDS development takes approximately 8-10 years 1 ; however, this duration varies among individuals. Multiple factors have been found to contribute to the progression of HIV-1 infection, such as immunological, virological and host genetic factors [2][3][4][5][6] . In particular, the emergence of RNA sequencing technologies has provided a means for analysing the association between virological factors and HIV/AIDS progression.The HIV-1 subtype has been associated with HIV/AIDS progression and has attracted much interest among researchers [7][8][9][10][11] . Unfortunately, no consensus has been reached in studies exploring the association between subtype and disease progression. Studies conducted in Tanzania and Uganda have suggested that subtype D is correlated with faster rates of CD4+ T-cell decline and disease progression than those observed in other subtypes and recombinant forms of the virus 7,8 . However, a retrospective cohort study conducted during 1996 and 2007 revealed that Africans infected with B clade HIV-1 suffered from faster rates of HIV/AIDS progression compared with those infected with non-B clade subtypes 10 . Furthermore, a meta-analysis demonstrated that the trend of HIV/AIDS progression among different HIV-1 subtypes in a descending order was subtype C > D > AE > G > A 9 . Though numerous prophylactic measures against HIV have been effectively employed in China 12 , they have not been able t...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

HIV-1 CRF01_AE strain is associated with faster HIV/AIDS progression in Jiangsu Province, China

Chu

Zhang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…If these new HIV-1 recombinants do spread, then they will contribute to viral diversification locally and globally and may lead to faster progression to AIDS and/or to more rapid CD4 decline than the homogenous subtypes from which they originated, as observed in, e.g., Guinea-Bissau and Brazil4748. Thus, whereas CTL responses in individuals with protective HLA-variants are beneficial for the individual, they may be detrimental to the population because they fuel HIV-1 evolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-infected sex workers with beneficial HLA-variants are potential hubs for selection of HIV-1 recombinants that may affect disease progression

Chang

Kist

Chester³

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against the HIV Gag protein are associated with lowering viremia; however, immune control is undermined by viral escape mutations. The rapid viral mutation rate is a key factor, but recombination may also contribute. We hypothesized that CTL responses drive the outgrowth of unique intra-patient HIV-recombinants (URFs) and examined gag sequences from a Kenyan sex worker cohort. We determined whether patients with HLA variants associated with effective CTL responses (beneficial HLA variants) were more likely to carry URFs and, if so, examined whether they progressed more rapidly than patients with beneficial HLA-variants who did not carry URFs. Women with beneficial HLA-variants (12/52) were more likely to carry URFs than those without beneficial HLA variants (3/61) (p < 0.0055; odds ratio = 5.7). Beneficial HLA variants were primarily found in slow/standard progressors in the URF group, whereas they predominated in long-term non-progressors/survivors in the remaining cohort (p = 0.0377). The URFs may sometimes spread and become circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) of HIV and local CRF fragments were over-represented in the URF sequences (p < 0.0001). Collectively, our results suggest that CTL-responses associated with beneficial HLA variants likely drive the outgrowth of URFs that might reduce the positive effect of these CTL responses on disease progression.

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“…One of the important factors in determining the HIV-1 genetic diversity is the identification of possible strains that are more likely to result in disease progression. Some studies in Brazil have linked BF recombinants with faster progression to AIDS-defining events [30] or faster CD4+ lymphocyte count decline [31]. Thus, the high frequency of these recombinants may be related to a greater chance of disease progression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of HIV-1 genetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance in the state of Maranhão, Northeast Brazil

et al. 2020

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The HIV-1 epidemic in Brazil has been growing in northeast and north regions, particularly an increase in AIDS cases among the younger male population has been observed. This study aims to characterize the HIV-1 genetic diversity and to evaluate its antiretroviral resistance profile among individuals presenting virological failure in the state of Maranhão-Brazil. HIV-1 pol gene sequences from 633 patients on antiretroviral therapy were obtained from the Department of Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Phylogenetic and recombination analyses were performed to characterize viral genetic diversity. The presence of antiretroviral resistance mutations was assessed using the HIV Drug Resistance Database online platform of Stanford University. A predominance of subtype B (84.5%) was observed, followed by recombinant BF (9.5%), where more than half of the sequences were dispersed in 3 clusters. Antiretroviral resistance was detected in 74.1% of the sequences, and it was significantly higher for nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) than for non-nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs). Inference of putative transmissions clusters identified 11 clusters with 22 query sequences (22/633, 3.5%). Thus, we conclude that continuous monitoring of the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 is essential for prevention strategies, epidemic control, and treatment adequacy.

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Short Communication: HIV Type 1 Subtype BF Leads to Faster CD4⁺ T Cell Loss Compared to Subtype B

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

HIV-1 CRF01_AE strain is associated with faster HIV/AIDS progression in Jiangsu Province, China

HIV-1 CRF01_AE strain is associated with faster HIV/AIDS progression in Jiangsu Province, China

HIV-infected sex workers with beneficial HLA-variants are potential hubs for selection of HIV-1 recombinants that may affect disease progression

Characterization of HIV-1 genetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance in the state of Maranhão, Northeast Brazil

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Short Communication: HIV Type 1 Subtype BF Leads to Faster CD4+ T Cell Loss Compared to Subtype B

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

HIV-1 CRF01_AE strain is associated with faster HIV/AIDS progression in Jiangsu Province, China

HIV-1 CRF01_AE strain is associated with faster HIV/AIDS progression in Jiangsu Province, China

HIV-infected sex workers with beneficial HLA-variants are potential hubs for selection of HIV-1 recombinants that may affect disease progression

Characterization of HIV-1 genetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance in the state of Maranhão, Northeast Brazil

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Short Communication: HIV Type 1 Subtype BF Leads to Faster CD4⁺ T Cell Loss Compared to Subtype B