Short Communication: Abundance of corn planthopper (Stenocranus pacificus Kirkaldy 1907, Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on five new corn varieties

Abstract

Syahrawati M, Nelly N, Hamid H, Efendi S. 2018. Short Communication: Abundance of corn planthopper (Stenocranus pacificus Kirkaldy 1907, Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on five new corn varieties. Biodiversitas 19: 1029-1034. Both local and hybrid corn varieties have been attacked by Stenocranus pacificus or corn planthopper frequently grown in West Sumatra. So, the basic aim of the study is to know about the abundance of S. pacificus on major five corn varieties that will be intermittently released viz., N35, N37, NT10, NT104, and NT105. The study was conducted around palm plantation in Dharmasraya District using Randomized Block Design in 5 replications. The observations were made at weekly intervals throughout the season after planting up to 8 weeks. Number of S. pacificus were collected from 16 hills by using simple aspirator, selected randomly from each unit. The measurement of leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter and trichome length were also performed to confirm the physical effect of S. pacificus preferences. LSD test at 5% level of significance was done to determine the influence of different varieties on insect population. The S. pacificus preferably effect to NT10 variety as compared to other varieties from the early growth of corn, but the S. pacificus abundance was higher at the generative phase than the vegetative. There was a very rapid increase in its population from week to week. Physical factors of the plant, as like as trichome, affected the insect abundance.

Stenocranus pacificus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae; Lepidoptera) are important pests on maize mix-cropped with oil palm in West Sumatra

“…pacificus is an important pest for maize [6]. The spread of this pest in West Sumatra was found on almost all maize crops [7].…”

Keanekaragaman Serangga Pengunjung Bunga Kelapa Sawit Aksesi Kamerun Dan Angola

“…Bunga jantan kelapa sawit juga menjadi habitat bagi serangga pengunjung , seperti Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Cocopet (Dermaptera), dan beberapa spesies semut (Formicidae) (Syahrawati et al, 2018). Kehadiran serangga pengunjung bunga jantan dan betina kelapa sawit juga berhubungan dengan senyawa volatile yang dihasilkan kedua bunga tersebut.…”

Biologi Stenocranus pacificus Kirkaldy (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) pada tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) di rumah kasa

“…Periode nimfa dari wereng bervariasi bergantung pada kondisi tanaman inang, nutrisi, dan lingkungan. Syahrawati et al (2018) mengemukakan bahwa tanaman inang memiliki 3 mekanisme bertahan dari hama, yaitu antibiosis, antixenosis, dan toleransi. Kemampuan antibiosis tanaman dapat mengakibatkan serangga tidak berkembang dengan baik, yaitu fekunditas yang rendah, ukuran tubuh kecil, siklus hidup lama, dan tingkat kematian yang tinggi.…”

“…Pakan dari varietas berbeda akan memiliki nutrisi dan antibiosis berbeda pula yang akan mempengaruhi lama hidup serangga. Syahrawati et al (2018) Chen et al (2015) pada Holotrichia oblita, (Falderman) lama hidup imago jantan dan betina menurun seiring meningkatnya suhu. Lama setiap stadia S. pacificus dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1.…”

“…Setiap varietas memiliki nutrisi dan antibiosis berbeda yang menyebabkan ukuran serangga kecil. Syahrawati et al (2018) menyatakan bahwa setiap varietas memiliki kualitas makanan dan antibiosis berbeda yang menyebabkan ukuran tubuh serangga menjadi kecil. Sementara itu, Yasin (2009) mengemukakan bahwa nutrisi pada tanaman inang merupakan hal esensial yang mendukung pertumbuhan dan keberlangsungan hidup serangga.…”