Short communication: A reproductive tract scoring system to manage fertility in lactating dairy cows

Young, Christopher; Schrick, F. N.; Pohler, K. G.; Saxton, Arnold M.; Croce, Fernando A. Di; Roper, David; Wilkerson, J. B.; Edwards, J. L.

doi:10.3168/jds.2016-12288

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Understanding reproductive failure in cows which have previously been reproductively competent can be specifically challenging. Large reproductive tract size has been associated with decreased fertility in both primiparous and multiparous lactating dairy cows and may be due to sperm transport challenges or increased failure of correct maternal recognition of pregnancy (Baez et al, 2016;Young et al, 2017). The unknown physiological ramifications of increased reproductive tract sizes may persist beyond pregnancy establishment as Madureira et al (2017) reported increased ovulation failure, decreased circulating concentration of PAGs and increased pregnancy loss between day 30 and 120 in cows with the largest reproductive tracts compared to those with decreased tract sizes.…”

Section: Maternal Vs Paternal Contribution To Pregnancy Loss Female Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

New approaches to diagnose and target reproductive failure in cattle

et al. 2020

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Reproductive failure and pregnancy loss in cattle are some of the largest economic burdens to cattle producers and one of most perplexing factors influencing management decisions. Pregnancy loss may occur at any point during gestation with the largest percentage of loss occurring in the first 30 days and, subsequently, decreasing as the pregnancy progresses. Losses may be attributed to numerous factors, predisposed issues or environmental conditions such as nutritional stressors or disease. From a research perspective, determining the exact causes of pregnancy loss or embryonic mortality in cattle have been difficult, due to limitations of accurately determining early gestation pregnancy status. Until methods that precisely determine embryo success early in gestation are available, our understanding of in vivo pregnancy loss will lack clarity necessary to develop management strategies to decrease such loss. In this review, we will briefly discuss the pivotal periods of pregnancy loss affecting beef and dairy cattle, methods and technologies to determine pregnancy status and embryo viability and potential opportunities to decrease reproductive failure.

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Section: Maternal Vs Paternal Contribution To Pregnancy Loss Female Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

New approaches to diagnose and target reproductive failure in cattle

et al. 2020

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“…The most cows with size and position score of reproductive tract 1 and 2 were clean and pregnant in compare with cows with SPS3 score. Higher rate of pregnancy per artificial insemination was reported for cows were SPS1 than cows were SPS2 or SPS3 ( Young et al., 2017 ). Diameter, volume and length of uterus affect pregnancy rate in cows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Also, at first examination the cows were divided into three groups according to the size and the position of reproductive system (SPS): cows were diagnosed as having small (SPS1), medium (SPS2), or large reproductive tracts (SPS3). Cows considered SPS1 had small and involuted uterine horns that remained within the pelvic cavity; the reproductive tracts of cows with SPS2 were intermediate in uterine horn and cervical diameter and longer uterine horns leaving partial pelvic cavity; and SPS3 cows had reproductive tracts that were larger and rested mostly outside the pelvic cavity ( Young et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destination of corpus luteum in postpartum clinical endometritis cows and factors affecting self-recovery

Mogheiseh

Ahmadi

Nazifi

et al. 2020

Veterinary and Animal Science

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Highlights The most cyclic clinical endometritis cows revealed new CL two weeks after clean test. The uterus of most of cyclic clinical endometritis cows was clean 14 days after 30 ± 3 days postpartum. About two third of clinical endometritis cows with persistent CL remained infected after second examination and considered as pyometric cows. Concentration of some metabolic or steroid hormones and production and reproduction factors influenced self-recovery of cows from clinical endometritis. Size and position of reproductive tract influenced self-healing from clinical endometritis.

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“…Other physiologic traits, such as hormone concentrations, not only require frequent monitoring but are also time-consuming, often invasive in nature, and expensive to quantify, making it difficult to implement in commercial dairy operations. The reproductive tract scoring system first reported in beef cattle has a heritability estimate of 0.32 (Anderson et al, 1991) and is positively associated with pregnancy per AI in beef (Anderson et al, 1991) and dairy cattle (Young et al, 2017;Madureira et al, 2020). The latter trait, however, is subjective, labor-intensive, and has low repeatability (Holm et al, 2009;Gutierrez et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability of anogenital distance measurements from birth to maturity and at different physiological states in female Holstein cattle

Rajesh

Gobikrushanth

Carrelli

et al. 2022

Journal of Dairy Science

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The inverse association between anogenital distance (AGD; the distance from the center of the anus to the base of the clitoris) and fertility, its moderate heritability, and high variability reported in dairy cattle make AGD a promising candidate for further exploration as a reproductive phenotype. In addition to heritability, repeatability (i.e., consistency in measurements taken at different time points) is important for a reproductive phenotype to be considered useful in genetic selection. Therefore, our primary objective was to determine the repeatability of AGD from birth to breeding age (≈16 mo) in Holstein heifer calves, and during different stages of the estrous cycle, gestation, and lactation in Holstein cows. We also determined the associations among AGD, height (at the hip), and body weight (BW) at birth. In calves (n = 48), we recorded BW (kg) and height (cm) at birth and measured AGD (mm) at approximately 0, 2, 6, 9, 12, and 16 mo of age. In cows, AGD was measured at different stages of the estrous cycle (proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus; n = 20), gestation (30, 90, 180, and 270 d; n = 78), and lactation (30-300 d in milk in 30-d increments; n = 30). Calf height and BW at birth had a weak positive association with AGD at birth. The AGD increased linearly from birth to breeding age, but there was no association between the AGD at birth and at breeding age in heifers. Although any 2 consecutive AGD measurements were correlated, 6 mo was the earliest age at which AGD was moderately correlated (r = 0.41) with that of breeding-age heifers. The AGD was neither influenced by the different stages of estrous cycle nor lactation and remained highly repeatable (r ≥ 0.95). Although AGD measurements at 30, 90, and 180 d of gestation (126.9, 126.7, and 127.7 mm, respectively) were strongly correlated (r ≥ 0.97) with each other, AGD at 270 d of gestation (142.8 mm) differed from AGD at all earlier stages of gestation. In summary, AGD measured at birth did not reflect AGD at breeding age in heifers, but AGD measurements in cows had high repeatability at all stages of the estrous cycle, gestation, and lactation, except at 270 d of gestation. Therefore, AGD could be measured reliably at any of the aforesaid physiological states in cows due to its high repeatability, except during late gestation. The earliest gestational stage when pregnancy-associated increase in AGD occurred, however, could not be definitively established in the present study.

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Short communication: A reproductive tract scoring system to manage fertility in lactating dairy cows

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

New approaches to diagnose and target reproductive failure in cattle

New approaches to diagnose and target reproductive failure in cattle

Destination of corpus luteum in postpartum clinical endometritis cows and factors affecting self-recovery

Repeatability of anogenital distance measurements from birth to maturity and at different physiological states in female Holstein cattle

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