Short Chain Fatty Acids Upregulate Adipokine Production in Type 2 Diabetes Derived Human Adipocytes

Naraoka, Yuna; Yamaguchi, Takashi; Hu, Angang; Akimoto, Katsumi; Kobayashi, Hideki

doi:10.4183/aeb.2018.287

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Although this species has not been fully functionally characterized, its end-products acetate and propionate 38 may explain its mediating effect in the association between prudent diet and lower level pro-inflammatory factors. As it is well known that short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate, propionate and acetate may promote resolution of intestinal inflammation in animal models 40 and upregulate adipokine production in type 2 diabetes-derived human adipocytes 41 . D. invisus has been implicated in oral infections and had a low abundance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, which are additional hits that it might have immune-modulatory effects 42 , 43 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gut microbiome as mediator between diet and its impact on immune function

Shi

Horst

Nielen

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Dietary habits may affect inflammatory status in humans. Here we explore this interaction as well as the potential mediating role of the gut microbiome (GM), given that the GM is both involved in processing of dietary components and influences the immune system. A cross-sectional analysis of a sample of 482 healthy participants (207 males and 275 females) was performed. Dietary intake was assessed by a semiquantitative food questionnaire. Adipokines and soluble inflammatory mediators were assayed with multiple immunoassays and ELISA. Microbial DNA was extracted from frozen stool samples of 471 participants. Polychoric correlation analysis was used to establish dietary patterns, and joint multivariate associations between these dietary patterns and immune biomarkers were studied using regression analyses with adjustment for sex, age, BMI, smoking, education levels and physical exercise and other dietary patterns. Non-parametric entropy mediation was applied to investigate whether diet-immune relationships are mediated by abundance of microbial species. In this cohort, we identified three dietary patterns, characterized as “high-meat” (meat and sweetened drink), “prudent diet” (fish, fruit, legumes and vegetables) and “high alcohol” (higher alcohol consumption). Higher adherence to prudent diet was associated with a higher adiponectin level. The high alcohol pattern was associated with high concentrations of circulating concentrations of pro-inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, VEGF). Dialister invisus was found to mediate the relationship between a prudent dietary pattern and adiponectin, AAT, CRP, IL-6, and VEGF. In conclusion, a meat-based diet and a diet with high alcohol consumption were associated with high concentrations of biomarkers of chronic low-grade inflammation, and conversely, a prudent diet was associated with anti-inflammatory biomarkers. Diet-inflammation regulation may differ between sexes. Mediation analyses revealed that the association between prudent diet and immune function was partially mediated by the GM. The study adds to our understanding of the associations between diet, the immune system and the GM in a healthy population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gut microbiome as mediator between diet and its impact on immune function

Shi

Horst

Nielen

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…38 Propionate, which is largely cleared by the liver, plays an important role in regulating hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis and gluconeogenesis, and along with acetate, also impacts on adipose tissue metabolism and inflammatory output. 39 These physiological activities are mediated either through pathways regulated by the free fatty acid receptors FFAR-1 and FFAR-2 (G-protein coupled receptors 41 and 43, respectively), and/or histone deacetylase activities. 40 A meta-analysis of epidemiological studies in adults conducted in 2015 found that an increase in dietary fibre of 7 g per day was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease (9% risk reduction; p<0.001), haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke (7% risk reduction; p=0.002), colorectal cancer (8% risk reduction; p=0.02), rectal cancer (9% risk reduction; p=0.007) and diabetes (6% risk reduction; p=0.001).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of dietary fibre for children in health and disease

Hojsak

Benninga

Hauser³

et al. 2022

Arch Dis Child

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Fibre is an essential nutrient in the human diet that is crucial for human health. It provides a range of functional benefits, including stool bulking, and physiological benefits through fermentation of diverse fibre types by the gut microbiome including cholesterol lowering, glycaemic control and weight control. The by-products of the fermentation of fibre in the gut confer health benefits that extend beyond the gut to the immune system and organs such as the liver, kidneys and the brain. A lack of fibre in the diet has been associated with several disorders in children including constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, allergies and immune-related disorders. In paediatric practice, concerns exist over tolerance of dietary fibre which may lead to unnecessary restrictions, especially for children receiving nutritional support. One reason for this may be the terminology which has historically been used. Fibre is often described in terms of its physico-chemical properties (solubility, viscosity), rather than its physiological effects/functionality (fermentability, bulking effects). To describe fibre in these latter terms represents more clearly the important role it plays. Most international guidelines recommend a daily quantity of fibre, failing to mention the quality aspect of the fibre required for health. Here we consider the evidence base for the current recommendations for daily fibre intakes for healthy children, those requiring nutritional support and those with functional gastrointestinal disorders. We also consider the importance of the gut microbiome and the role of fibre in maintaining gut microbial health and its role in health beyond the gut.

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“…Flavonoids have been reported to reduce insulin resistance by reducing the expression of adipokines (23)(24)(25). It has been found that quercetin reduces visfatin expression in adipocytes and increases adiponectin expression (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Hyperoside on the Inhibition of Adipogenesis in 3t3-L1 Adipocytes

Berköz¹

2019

Acta Endo (Buc)

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Context. The inhibition of adipocyte differentiation has a significant role on the prevention of obesity and obesity-associated complications. Objective. In this study, we aimed to detect whether hyperoside is able to inhibit the conversion of pre-adiposits into mature adiposits. Design and Methods. 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were stimulated so as to differentiate into mature adipocytes. Hyperoside in non-cytotoxic concentrations (1, 2, 5, and 10 µM) were separately applied to differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Oil red O staining was performed and triacylglycerol contents were measured. Furthermore, gene and protein expressions of transcription factors, adipogenic genes and adipokines were examined in order to investigate the effect of hyperoside on adipocyte differentiation. Results. Hyperoside in high concentrations significantly suppressed the adipogenic process by inhibiting the expression of transcription factors and adipogenic genes and reducing lipid accumulation in adipocytes (p<0.05). Low doses of hyperoside are able to inhibit adipogenesis, but higher doses are needed to reduce fat accumulation in mature adipocytes. In the case of maturing preadipocytes, 5 µM of hyperoside exerts its antiadipogenic effect at the early stages of adipogenesis, whereas 10 µM of hyperoside acts at the later stages (p<0.05). Conclusion. These results suggest that hyperoside has a beneficial effect on the prevention and treatment of obesity.

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Short Chain Fatty Acids Upregulate Adipokine Production in Type 2 Diabetes Derived Human Adipocytes

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

The gut microbiome as mediator between diet and its impact on immune function

The gut microbiome as mediator between diet and its impact on immune function

Benefits of dietary fibre for children in health and disease

Effect of Hyperoside on the Inhibition of Adipogenesis in 3t3-L1 Adipocytes

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