Short Chain Fatty Acids Prevent High-fat-diet-induced Obesity in Mice by Regulating G Protein-coupled Receptors and Gut Microbiota

Abstract

Elucidating the mechanisms by which short chain fatty acids (SCFA) reduce body weight may assist in the development of an effective weight control strategy. Dietary supplementation of acetate, propionate, butyrate or their admixture was shown to significantly inhibit the body weight gain induced by high-fat diet feeding. Supplementation of SCFAs caused significant changes in the expressions of G-protein coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) and GPR41 characterized by increases in the adipose tissue and reductions in the colon. Additionally, they influenced the bacterial community structure in feces, with a reduction in the proportion of Firmicutes and an increase in the proportion of Bacteroidetes. The effects of dietary SCFAs on the GPR expression and gut microbiota composition may further result in body weight reduction by enhancing triglyceride hydrolysis and FFA oxidation in the adipose tissue, promoting beige adipogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis, and inhibiting chronic inflammation.

Insect-based diet, a promising nutritional source, modulates gut microbiota composition and SCFAs production in laying hens

“…These effects may be associated with SCFAs derived by microbial degradation of insect meal, as also described in in vitro and ex vivo previous studies 51,52 . Our data strongly corroborate the hypothesis of possible beneficial effects of insect-based diet on global health of hens, even though further studies are necessary to decipher its precise impact on human and animal physiology.…”

Gut Microbiota Interacts with Markers of Adipose Tissue Browning, Insulin Action and Plasma Acetate in Morbid Obesity

“…Acetate seems to exert a crucial role in brown adipocyte differentiation through the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis, leading to increased oxygen consumption rate in white and brown adipocytes and skeletal muscle from Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty rats; and increased browning of SAT in parallel to increased insulin sensitivity in mice . Acetate administration also resulted in increased expression of browning genes (PRDM16, UCP1, and DIO2) in 3T3‐L1 cells and in white adipose tissue from obese diabetic KK‐A y mice in parallel to increased whole‐body oxygen consumption, leading to enhanced fat oxidation …”

Effect of tartary buckwheat, rutin, and quercetin on lipid metabolism in rats during high dietary fat intake

“…Another study has proposed that circulating acetate enhances insulin secretion through a microbiome-brain-β-cell axis, and promotes obesity and the metabolic syndrome (Perry et al, 2016). Propionate is primarily used by hepatocytes, so gut-derived propionate has been shown to reduce liver fat in adults with NAFLD (Brass & Beyerinck, 1988 (Lin et al, 2012;Lu et al, 2016). In the present study, Figure 5 shows that high-fat diet rats exhibited significantly higher levels of acetate (1,424.63 μg/g) but lower levels of propionate (211.66 μg/g), butyrate (152.84 μg/g), and other SCFAs than the control group.…”