Short-chain fatty acids and gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis

Melbye, Pernille; Olsson, Anna; Hansen, Tue H.; Søndergaard, Helle Bach; Oturai, Annette Bang

doi:10.1111/ane.13045

Cited by 80 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Lower expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and stimulation of uncoupling protein 2 and stimulate oxidative metabolism in liver and adipose tissue [75].…”

Section: Ldmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Controversial Role of Human Gut Lachnospiraceae

et al. 2020

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The complex polymicrobial composition of human gut microbiota plays a key role in health and disease. Lachnospiraceae belong to the core of gut microbiota, colonizing the intestinal lumen from birth and increasing, in terms of species richness and their relative abundances during the host’s life. Although, members of Lachnospiraceae are among the main producers of short-chain fatty acids, different taxa of Lachnospiraceae are also associated with different intra- and extraintestinal diseases. Their impact on the host physiology is often inconsistent across different studies. Here, we discuss changes in Lachnospiraceae abundances according to health and disease. With the aim of harnessing Lachnospiraceae to promote human health, we also analyze how nutrients from the host diet can influence their growth and how their metabolites can, in turn, influence host physiology.

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“…Lower expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and stimulation of uncoupling protein 2 and stimulate oxidative metabolism in liver and adipose tissue [75].…”

Section: Ldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increase anti-inflammatory CD4+ regulatory T cells and decrease pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells of in central nervous system [75]. Upregulate tight junction and proteins claudin-5 and restore the blood-brain barrier permeability [76].…”

Section: Mssmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Controversial Role of Human Gut Lachnospiraceae

et al. 2020

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“…Studies have found that changing the microbiome to be more consistent with healthy controls can be achieved through the use of UDCA treatment, but the effects of generating a healthier microbiome on the development of autoimmune liver disease are still unclear. What is known is that a healthy microbiome tends to produce beneficial by‐products such as single chain fatty acids and less proinflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha and type II interferon …”

Section: Gut Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Unmet needs in autoimmune liver diseases

Chang

Tanaka

Gershwin

2019

J of Digest Diseases

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“…Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a B and T cell mediated neuroin ammatory disease. Autoreactive Th1 and Th17 CD4 + T helper cells are found alongside reduced regulatory T cells (Tregs), which leads to a proin ammatory setting (1,2). Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model is the most widely used animal model of MS. EAE onset has been shown to be linked to microbial stimuli: colonization with commensal bacteria of formerly germ-free mice led to immediate EAE development (3) while mice that were kept under germ-free condition did not develop EAE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mouse models, SCFA have been shown to possess pro-and anti-in ammatory effects (8,9). SCFA can cross the intestinal epithelium and the blood brain barrier (BBB) (9,2). SCFA exert various effects on immune cells: e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal markers in Multiple Sclerosis Sex makes the difference

Becker

Abuazab²,

Schwiertz³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is primarily considered as a neuro-inflammatory CNS disease. Yet, experimental data suggest a role for gut microbiota and microbial products like short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the pathogenesis of MS. Very recently a high-ranked publication reported beneficial effects of propionate, a SCFA, in MS patients. Based on experimental and preliminary human data, we hypothesized that not only the gut microbiota but also microbial products and fecal inflammatory markers might be altered in MS.Methods. In a pilot study, we investigated fecal markers (short chain fatty acids, calprotectin) as well as clinical markers in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) under different therapeutic regimes and compared the results to age-matched control subjects.Results. We observed a non-significant reduction in fecal SCFA in RRMS patients compared to control subjects. Fecal calprotectin concentrations did not differ significantly between MS patients and control subjects. We observed a significant reduction in fecal SCFA concentrations in women compared to men.Conclusions. We conclude that the observed sex-associated difference in fecal SCFA concentrations might be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of MS, especially when taking into account the female predominance in MS. We suggest investigating the role of SCFA in MS in a longitudinal study (starting in drug-naïve patients) in larger cohorts of MS patients with defined therapeutic regimes. Such a study would allow to distinguish between drug effects and disease-immanent effects and might help to identify a potentially modifiable sex-associated contributing factor in MS.Trial registration. Registered by the local Ethics Committee (Reg.Nr. 81/18, Ethikkommission der Aerztekammer des Saarlandes, Saarbruecken, Germany).

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Short-chain fatty acids and gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis

Cited by 80 publications

References 74 publications

The Controversial Role of Human Gut Lachnospiraceae

The Controversial Role of Human Gut Lachnospiraceae

Unmet needs in autoimmune liver diseases

Fecal markers in Multiple Sclerosis Sex makes the difference

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