Short- and long-term effects of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or doxycycline on the gastrointestinal microbiome of growing cats

Em, Stavroulaki; Js, Suchodolski; Pilla, Rachel; Fosgate, Geoffrey T.; Sung, Chi-Hsuan; Ja, Lidbury; Jm, Steiner; Pg, Xenoulis

doi:10.1101/2021.05.28.446115

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…There are no studies investigating the specific flavouring compounds added to the amoxicillin published. However, studies assessing the effects of amoxicillin on gut microbiomes report of results comparable to several of the results shown in this study [ 88 , 89 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Some studies have assessed the effect of a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, a β-lactamase inhibitor that may be combined with amoxicillin to increase the antimicrobial effect. In an experiment using amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for 20 days, profound effects were observed during treatment, but only minor one month past end of treatment [ 88 ]. A further study administrating the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid for seven days, which is comparable to treatment group C in the current study, also demonstrated significant shifts in the microbiota family composition during antibiotic intake [ 89 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of different amoxicillin treatment durations on microbiome diversity and composition in the gut

Lekang

Shekhar²,

Berild³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Antibiotics seize an effect on bacterial composition and diversity and have been demonstrated to induce disruptions on gut microbiomes. This may have implications for human health and wellbeing, and an increasing number of studies suggest a link between the gut microbiome and several diseases. Hence, reducing antibiotic treatments may be beneficial for human health status. Further, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing global problem that can be counteracted by limiting the usage of antibiotics. Longer antibiotic treatments have been demonstrated to increase the development of AMR. Therefore, shortening of antibiotic treatment durations, provided it is safe for patients, may be one measure to reduce AMR. In this study, the objective was to investigate effects of standard and reduced antibiotic treatment lengths on gut microbiomes using a murine model. Changes in the murine gut microbiome was assessed after using three different treatment durations of amoxicillin (3, 7 or 14 days) as well as a control group not receiving amoxicillin. Fecal samples were collected before and during the whole experiment, until three weeks past end of treatment. These were further subject for 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Our results demonstrated significant changes in bacterial diversity, richness and evenness during amoxicillin treatment, followed by a reversion in terms of alpha-diversity and abundance of major phyla, after end of treatment. However, a longer restitution time was indicated for mice receiving amoxicillin for 14 days, and phylum Patescibacteria did not fully recover. In addition, an effect on the composition of Firmicutes was indicated to last for at least three weeks in mice treated with amoxicillin for 14 days. Despite an apparently reversion to a close to original state in overall bacterial diversity and richness, the results suggested more durable changes in lower taxonomical levels. We detected several families, genera and ASVs with significantly altered abundance three weeks after exposure to amoxicillin, as well as bacterial taxa that appeared significantly affected by amoxicillin treatment length. This may strengthen the argument for shorter antibiotic treatment regimens to both limit the emergence of antibiotic resistance and risk of gut microbiome disturbance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different amoxicillin treatment durations on microbiome diversity and composition in the gut

Lekang

Shekhar²,

Berild³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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“…Because doxycycline is significant for maintaining animal health and controlling vertically transmitted diseases, it has been widely used in the breeding industry ( Yan et al, 2018 ). Studies have shown that doxycycline mainly affects the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and reduces the richness and evenness of the flora ( Boynton et al, 2017 ; Stavroulaki et al, 2021 ). Cinchonidine is an alkaloid found in several foods such as fruits, herbs, spices, and olives (Olea europaea) ( Eyal, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, the bacteria in the DC group enriched genes related to sporulation and biosynthesis of ansamycins pathways and lacked communication. The intestinal environment had a higher doxycycline content than the CE group, which would affect the microbial community structure and reduce the evenness ( Stavroulaki et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Enzyme Supplementation Modifies the Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Breeding Hens

Liu

Zhang²,

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Laying and reproductive performance, egg quality, and disease resistance of hens decrease during the late laying period. Exogenous enzymes promote nutrient digestibility and utilization and improve the intestinal environment. However, the specific regulation of the gut microbiome and metabolome by exogenous enzymes remains unelucidated. This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary multi-enzyme supplementation on egg and reproductive performance, egg quality, ileum microbiome, and metabolome of breeders. Here, 224 Hy-Line Brown breeding hens (55 weeks old) were randomly allocated to two groups: dietary controls fed basal diet (DC), and test hens fed 0.2 g/kg corn enzyme diet (CE). Serum levels of total protein, globulin, immunoglobulin Y, and antibodies against the Newcastle disease virus and avian influenza H9 strain were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Egg albumen height, Haugh unit, and fertilization and hatching rates were also significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the CE-fed group. 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that CE strongly affected both α- and β-diversity of the ileal microbiota. LEfSe analysis revealed that the potentially beneficial genera Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Faecalicoccus, and Streptococcus were enriched as biomarkers in the CE-fed group. Microbial functional analysis revealed that the functional genes associated with harmful-substance biodegradation was significantly increased in the CE-fed group. Additionally, Spearman correlation analysis indicated that changes in microbial genera were correlated with differential metabolites. In summary, dietary multi-enzyme addition can improve egg quality, humoral immunity, and reproductive performance and regulate the intestinal microbiome and metabolome in breeders. Therefore, multi-enzymes could be used as feed additive to extend breeder service life.

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“…Interestingly, our study also reported that the fecal microbiomes of FMT recipients that had recently taken antibiotics became slightly more similar to the healthy reference set than did other surveyed cats. A plethora of studies have shown associations between fecal microbiome composition and antibiotic use in companion animals [75][76][77]. Other studies have also highlighted how FMT treatment might restore fecal microbiome composition after antibiotic-associated disruptions [78], but here we are discussing how FMT may be effective despite prior antibiotic administration.…”

Section: Host Predictors Of Fecal Microbiome Alpha-and Beta-diversitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Microbiome Responses to Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Cats with Chronic Digestive Issues

Rojas¹,

Entrolezo²,

Jarett³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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There is growing interest in the application of fecal microbiota transplants (FMTs) in small animal medicine, but there are few published studies that have tested their effectiveness in the domestic cat (Felis catus). Here we use 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine fecal microbiome changes in 68 domestic cats with chronic digestive issues that underwent FMT treatment using lyophilized stool that was delivered in oral capsules. Fecal samples were collected from FMT recipients before and two weeks after treatment, as well as from their stool donors, and healthy animals. We found that according to their owners, 77% of cats were reported to show improvement in their clinical signs (termed ‘Responders’), and 23% were reported to exhibit no change or a worsening of their clinical signs (termed ‘Non-Responders’). Variation in the fecal microbiomes of FMT recipients most strongly correlated with host clinical signs, diet, and IBD diagnosis. The relative abundances of Collinsella, Negativibacillus, Parabacteroides, and Peptoclostridium changed differentially in FMT recipients. Overall, on average 13% of the bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were shared between stool donors and FMT recipients (excluding ASVs already present in FMT recipients prior to treatment). The most commonly shared ASVs were classified as Prevotella 9, Peptoclostridium, Bacteroides, Collinsella and unclassified Lachnospiraceae. Lastly, FMT recipients that had recently taken antibiotics exhibited increases in microbiome similarity to an age-matched healthy reference set compared to other cats. Cats that had diarrhea or diarrhea with vomiting became more similar to healthy cats than did cats exhibiting other clinical signs. Overall, our results suggest that oral capsule FMT treatment was effective in this group of cats and microbiome responses may be modulated by the FMT recipient’s initial presenting clinical signs, prior IBD diagnosis, recent antibiotic use, and their diet.

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Short- and long-term effects of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or doxycycline on the gastrointestinal microbiome of growing cats

Cited by 7 publications

References 99 publications

Effects of different amoxicillin treatment durations on microbiome diversity and composition in the gut

Effects of different amoxicillin treatment durations on microbiome diversity and composition in the gut

Multi-Enzyme Supplementation Modifies the Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Breeding Hens

Microbiome Responses to Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Cats with Chronic Digestive Issues

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