Shoreline protection by the world’s coral reefs: Mapping the benefits to people, assets, and infrastructure

Burke, Lauretta; Spalding, Mark

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105311

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Humans have become a leading cause of damage to many ecosystems, by pollution, anthropogenically exacerbated climate change, fishing impacts, recreational and tourist activities, and other direct and indirect action (Burke et al, 2011; Cesar et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating human impacts on rocky reefs using measures of complexity and relief from 3D photogrammetry

Wright,

Chamberlain

2024

Ecosphere

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The structural complexity of a habitat is linked with the health and biodiversity of the ecosystem. Computational methods analyzing 3D representations of the environment allow for accurate measurement; however, rocky reef environments that feature gullies, arches, stacks, and ledges may be inaccurately represented using standard measures of complexity. This article presents a novel assessment of structural complexity through relief calculated from 3D reconstructions of marine environments, tailored for rocky reefs with vertical features. This method is tested in two case studies: a tropical coral reef in Indonesia and a rocky (chalk) reef in the United Kingdom. Chalk reef relief was not correlated with vector dispersion or fractal dimension and was weakly correlated with rugosity (); however, in two comparison tropical reef datasets, relief correlated moderately with vector dispersion on both coral reefs () and moderately‐strongly with rugosity (). On the chalk reef, tailored complexity metrics confirmed the previous finding that catch‐size Cancer pagurus abundance (≥115 mm) was correlated with fractal dimension (), indicating that adults preferred elevated, complex reefs. Analysis showed correlations between relief and low‐severity chalk damage () and between relief and abrasion damage (), whereas previous research had indicated that damage was not correlated with complexity (assessed computationally with rugosity, fractal dimension, and vector dispersion). Surveying marine environments with multicamera arrays and 3D photogrammetry can drastically reduce the time and cost of fieldwork surveys and provide accurate measures of complexity across survey sites. Adapting complexity metrics to habitat‐specific topography provides valuable insight (in this case, into rocky reef marine habitats). Findings from the UK case study support the continued monitoring of the Cromer Shoal Chalk Bed Marine Conservation Zone (MCZ).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating human impacts on rocky reefs using measures of complexity and relief from 3D photogrammetry

Wright,

Chamberlain

2024

Ecosphere

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“…Coral reefs are not only a support for recreational functions, but have a far more crucial ecological role, namely in the provision of food, health, and coastal protection. However, they are vulnerable to damage due to environmental disturbances (Hayati et al 2020;Burke and Spalding 2022). The protection and management of coral reefs is not only important for the coral reef habitat itself, but also for local communities who are highly dependent on it as a natural resource (Eastwood et al 2017;Eddy et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping coral cover using Sentinel-2A in Karimunjawa, Indonesia

SATYA

Sabdono²,

Wijayanti³

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Satya ED, Sabdono A, Wijayanti DP, Helmi M, Widiaratih R. 2023. Mapping coral cover using Sentinel-2A in Karimunjawa, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 827-836. Coral reefs in the Karimunjawa National Park (KNP) have their own charm, especially for snorkeling and divers, it can be seen from the number of tourist visits which tends to increase every year, except for 2020 to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the impact of tourism on coral reef cover in KNP, with islands selected as representatives of high, medium and low level of tourist visits using Sentinel-2A. Comparison of Sentinel-2A coral cover area in 2020 with previous research which used Landsat 8 data in 2018 showed decrease in coral cover area by 16.5% and an increase in sand area by 24.1% for island of high tourist visits. It can be seen that tourism activities have significant impact on coral cover area, especially snorkeling and diving activities that are intentional or not potentially damaging to coral reefs. Sentinel-2A's ability to detect coral area is reliable, since field data is needed as input for data processing to identification locations in detail as needed. Coral area in 2020 using Sentinel-2A obtained for Menjangan Besar Island and Menjangan Kecil, Sintok Island, Tengah Island and Seruni Island were 1.88 km2, 0.303 km2, 0.318 km2, 0.237 km2 respectively.

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“…Probabilistic risk assessment can provide a nuanced picture of risk since it reflects not only the severity of potential impacts but also the probability of a coastal risk materializing (Aznar-Siguan and Bresch 2019). While previous studies have estimated the number of beneficiaries of risk reduction through coastal natural habitat, there have been few studies that looked at changes in global ecosystem service provision, historically and with climate change (Arkema et al 2013, Beck et al 2018, Selig et al 2019, Menéndez et al 2020, Burke and Spalding 2022, Chaplin-Kramer et al 2023.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global protection from tropical cyclones by coastal ecosystems—past, present, and under climate change

Hülsen,

McDonald,

Chaplin-Kramer

et al. 2023

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Coastal ecosystems have the potential to contribute to disaster risk reduction and adaptation to climate change. While previous studies have estimated the value of current coastal ecosystems for reducing coastal risk, there have been relatively few studies that look at changes in ecosystem service provision, in the past and under climate change. We employ the probabilistic, event-based CLImate ADAptation platform (CLIMADA) to quantify the protection from tropical cyclones (TCs) provided by coastal ecosystems, modeling the number of beneficiaries in the past and under future climate change. We also investigate the potential of nature-based solutions (NbS), such as mangrove restoration. We find that currently, one in five (21%) of all people impacted annually by TCs in the global low-elevation coastal zone is within the protection distance of coastal ecosystems. Over the last 30 years, the share of protected people has decreased by approximately 2%, due to ecosystem loss. With climate change, the average annual number of people impacted will increase by 40%. Simultaneously, the proportion of people protected by coastal ecosystems with climate change decreases due to changes in TC distribution (−1%). The importance of current coastal protection, and the potential for increasing protection by NbS, varies widely between countries. While the number of people protected globally only increases slightly with mangrove restoration, the share of people protected in individual countries can increase by up to 39%. Our findings provide a basis for NbS planning and adaptation policy, by highlighting areas which will be crucial for coastal protection services in a world altered by climate change.

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Shoreline protection by the world’s coral reefs: Mapping the benefits to people, assets, and infrastructure

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Investigating human impacts on rocky reefs using measures of complexity and relief from 3D photogrammetry

Investigating human impacts on rocky reefs using measures of complexity and relief from 3D photogrammetry

Mapping coral cover using Sentinel-2A in Karimunjawa, Indonesia

Global protection from tropical cyclones by coastal ecosystems—past, present, and under climate change

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