Shoreline Change in the New River Estuary, North Carolina: Rates and Consequences

Currin, Carolyn A.; Davis, Jenny; Baron, Lisa; Malhotra, Amit; Fonseca, Mark S.

doi:10.2112/jcoastres-d-14-00127.1

Cited by 34 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This marsh cannibalization process, which is found in some numerical and conceptual models, has been suggested to enhance overall marsh resiliency to sea-level rise (Mariotti and Carr, 2014;Currin et al, 2015;Hopkinson et al, 2018). This marsh cannibalization process, which is found in some numerical and conceptual models, has been suggested to enhance overall marsh resiliency to sea-level rise (Mariotti and Carr, 2014;Currin et al, 2015;Hopkinson et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Our results offer some limited support to the idea that sediment eroded from the marsh edge becomes a source of sediment to other areas of the marsh. This marsh cannibalization process, which is found in some numerical and conceptual models, has been suggested to enhance overall marsh resiliency to sea-level rise (Mariotti and Carr, 2014;Currin et al, 2015;Hopkinson et al, 2018). Field evidence to support this hypothesis is limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The effect of a small vegetation dieback event on salt marsh sediment transport

Coleman

Kirwan

2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Vegetation is a critical component of the ecogeomorphic feedbacks that allow a salt marsh to build soil and accrete vertically. Vegetation dieback can therefore have detrimental effects on marsh stability, especially under conditions of rising sea levels. Here, we report a variety of sediment transport measurements associated with an unexpected, natural dieback in a rapidly prograding marsh in the Altamaha River Estuary, Georgia. We find that vegetation mortality led to a significant loss in elevation at the dieback site as evidenced by measurements of vertical accretion, erosion, and surface topography compared to vegetated reference areas. Below‐ground vegetation mortality led to reduced soil shear strength. The dieback site displayed an erosional, concave‐up topographic profile, in contrast to the reference sites. At the location directly impacted by the dieback, there was a reduction in flood dominance of suspended sediment concentration. Our work illustrates how a vegetation disturbance can at least temporarily reverse the local trajectory of a prograding marsh and produce complex patterns of sediment transport. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of a small vegetation dieback event on salt marsh sediment transport

Coleman

Kirwan

2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…We tested several approaches to deriving land cover through automated techniques, such as unsupervised, supervised, and object-based classifications, but none were successful with black-and-white aerial photography. Others have successfully used automated methods using natural color [49] and multispectral aerial photography [50,51], but black-and-white photography does not have the spectral information needed for successful automated mapping of coastal habitats [7,42,52]. Therefore, for each year, images were mosaicked and land cover polygons were digitized using a map scale of 1:1,000.…”

Section: Map Land Covermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next, points were generated every 25 m along the new digitized land cover boundary and the distance from the new points to the original digitized polygon boundary was computed (Supplementary Figure S3). Spatial error was assessed by computing the positional uncertainty (Equation (3)) [49][50][51][52]:…”

Section: Map Land Covermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Decadal Investigation of Tidal Creek Wetland Changes, Water Level Rise, and Ghost Forests

Magolan

Halls

2020

Remote Sensing

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Coastal wetlands play a vital role in protecting coastlines, which makes the loss of forested and emergent wetlands devastating for vulnerable coastal communities. Tidal creeks are relatively small hydrologic areas that feed into larger estuaries, are on the front lines of the interface between saltwater and freshwater ecosystems, and are potentially the first areas to experience changes in sea level. The goal of this study was to investigate wetland changes through time at two tidal creeks (Smith Creek and Town Creek) of the Cape Fear River estuary in southeastern North Carolina, USA, to determine if there is a spatial relationship between habitat change, physical geography characteristics, and the rate of wetland migration upstream. Historic aerial photography and recent satellite imagery were used to map land cover and compute change through time and were compared with derived physical geography metrics (sinuosity, creek width, floodplain width, floodplain elevation, and creek slope). The primary results were: (1) there was a net gain in emergent wetlands even accounting for the area of wetlands that became water, (2) wetlands have migrated upstream at an increasing rate through time, (3) land cover change was significantly different between the two creeks (P = 0.01) where 14% (67.5 ha) of Smith Creek and 18% (272.3 ha) of Town Creek transitioned from forest to emergent wetland, and (4) the transition from emergent wetland to water was significantly related to average change in creek width, floodplain elevation, and average water level. In conclusion, this research correlated habitat change with rising water level and identified similarities and differences between neighboring tidal creeks. Future research could apply the methodologies developed here to other coastal locations to further explore the relationships between tides, sea level, land cover change, and physical geography characteristics.The coastal counties surrounding the Cape Fear River have experienced a large increase in urban population where, from 1970 to 2010, New Hanover County experienced a 144% increase in population and Brunswick County a 343% increase [24]. With population growth, and the potential loss of natural areas including forested wetlands, there is an increased coastal vulnerability to storm surge inundation and pluvial flooding. To investigate land cover change under increasing tidal range, relative sea-level rise, and urban development, two tidal creeks of the Cape Fear River estuary, Smith Creek (34.257029, -77.929373) and Town Creek (34.135822, -78.001620) were investigated in this study (Figure 1). Town Creek, 33 km from the mouth of the Cape Fear River, is characterized by expansive wetlands, and is very long for a tidal creek at 53 km [25]. Further upstream, 18 km from Town Creek, is Smith Creek which is much shorter in length (17 km) and is surrounded by urban development. While Smith Creek and Town Creek have notable differences, these creeks were chosen because: (1) they are in close proximity, which is good for compari...

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“…Esta dinamicidade espaço-temporal pode estar relacionada a diversos fatores, tanto naturais, a exemplo das alterações no nível do mar, condições de maré, mudanças climáticas, ocorrências de tempestades, ação dos ventos, movimentação das ondas, deslocamento de sedimentos ocasionados por rios e pelo oceano, processos geomorfológicos de erosão e progradação costeira, quanto antrópicos, como implantação de obras de engenharia na costa, remoção intencional de sedimentos (retirada para uso em obras) ou não intencional (ocasionadas pelo uso recreacional) (CURRIN et al, 2015;DAN et al, 2012;MANCA et al, 2013;UMAR et al, 2013).…”

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Comparação entre dois modelos polinomiais para avaliar a tendência da linha de costa

et al. 2016

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RESUMO -A linha de costa é uma feição dinâmica e o conhecimento do seu comportamento posicional no presente, passado e possíveis tendências torna-se fundamental para o planejamento e gestão costeira integrada. O objetivo desta contribuição científica foi avaliar a tendência da linha de costa aplicando o Método dos Mínimos Quadrados em uma série temporal comparando dois modelos matemáticos: o polinomial linear e o quadrático. A área de estudo contempla a Praia do Seixas, Paraíba, através de observações provenientes de ortofotos, imagens de satélite e levantamentos GNSS, totalizando desta forma 8 observações temporais para um intervalo de 17 anos. Para avaliar os modelos matemáticos escolhidos foram obtidas as tendências para o ano de 2015. Como resultado de tendência dos modelos têm-se a comparação com a linha de costa de 2015 apresentando, para o setor norte, discrepância de 3,6m e 8,9m e para o setor sul de 3,0m e 11,4m considerando o modelo linear e o quadrático, respectivamente. Quando comparado a tendência a longo prazo, neste caso considerando um horizonte de 40 anos, foi possível verificar diferenças na ordem de 200m entre os modelos matemáticos testados. As discrepâncias entre as predições calculadas pelo modelo linear foram menores que as alcançadas pelo modelo quadrático, nos dois setores. Por outro lado foram obtidos valores de R² mais próximos de um (1) para o modelo polinomial quadrático. Os resultados indicam que é necessário ter cautela na escolha de um modelo matemático para o caso do comportamento de tendência da linha de costa. Palavras-chave: linha de costa, tendência, modelo matemático polinomial.ABSTRACT -Shoreline is a dynamic continental feature and it is important to know its behavior in the present, past and future. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the shoreline trend applying the method of least squares in a temporal series of data comparing the polynomials models of first order and second order. The chosen study area was Seixas Beach, Paraiba, Brazil. The data available cover 17 years and it was obtained using orthophotos, satellite images and GNSS survey. To evaluate these mathematic models it was calculated the shoreline trend to 2015. The results obtained through the comparison between 2015 shoreline and the trends obtained using the two methods showed to the linear and quadratic models respectively 3.6m and 8.9m to north zone and 3.0m and 11.4m to south zone. Then it was generated the long term trend covering 40 years and it showed approximately 200m of difference between the models. The differences between the trends were lower to first order polynomial model in both sectors. On the other hand, the second order model showed R² values nearest 1. It is important to notice the results indicate that is necessary to be careful about the choice of the mathematical models to obtain the shoreline trends.

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Shoreline Change in the New River Estuary, North Carolina: Rates and Consequences

Cited by 34 publications

References 31 publications

The effect of a small vegetation dieback event on salt marsh sediment transport

The effect of a small vegetation dieback event on salt marsh sediment transport

A Multi-Decadal Investigation of Tidal Creek Wetland Changes, Water Level Rise, and Ghost Forests

Comparação entre dois modelos polinomiais para avaliar a tendência da linha de costa

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