Shock

Abstract

This chapter targets to provide information to medical students, residents, and nurses on emergency medicine. The concept and definitions of shock have been mentioned. An overview about shock has been given at the beginning of the chapter. Different categories of shock have been elaborated with comparison. Each type of shock has been discussed with its specificities and its management. Septic shock has been extensively discussed and different definitions and terminology have been used. Latest surviving sepsis campaign guidelines have been scribbled down. Hemorrhagic shock has been widely discussed too and a table provided for the differentiation of stages of hemorrhagic shock. Finally, the chapter is concluded with all the references used for accomplishing this chapter.

Shock

“…There is loss in intravascular volume which decreases preload and diminishes the cardiac output. Sometimes despite fluid or blood replacement, inotropes and vasopressors might need to be added on [1].…”

“…Thus, the early use of antibiotics is advised. Ensuring good oxygenation and ventilation, the use of fluids and vasopressors is the main pillar of treatment in septic shock [1].…”

“…The use of parenteral steroids is controversial and can only be considered in patients who are on chronic steroid therapy [1].…”

“…It can be reversible if detected, treated, and resuscitated early; otherwise it can cause multi-organ failure and death. Almost one million cases of shock are seen at the emergency department, annually in the USA [1].…”