Shock compression and thermodynamics of highly nonideal metallic plasma

Gryaznov, V. K.; Фортов, В. Е.; Zhernokletov, M. V.; Simakov, G. V.; Trunin, R. F.; Трусов, Л. И.; Iosilevski, Igor Lvovitch

doi:10.1134/1.558710

Cited by 47 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Coulomb interaction of charged particles, short range repulsion of atoms and ions at close distances, degeneracy of free electrons, stages of ionization up to 20 were taken into account. Further details can be found in [32]. The density and temperature range used in these calculations corresponds to that achieved in the hydrodynamic simulations.…”

Section: Hydrodynamic Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The Large Hadron Collider and the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN as tools to Generate Warm Dense Matter and Non–Ideal Plasmas

Tahir

Schmidt

Shutov

et al. 2011

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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The largest accelerator in the world, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, has entered into commissioning phase. It is expected that when this impressive machine will become fully operational, it will generate two counter rotating 7 TeV/c proton beams that will be made to collide, leading to an unprecedented luminosity of 10 34 cm −2 s −1 . Total energy stored in each LHC beam is about 362 MJ, sufficient to melt 500 kg copper. Safety of operation is a very critical issue when working with such extremely powerful beams. It is important to know the consequences of an accidental release of the beam energy in order to design protection system for the equipment. For this purpose we have carried out extensive numerical simulations of the interaction of one full LHC beam with copper and graphite targets which are materials of practical importance. Our calculations have shown that the LHC protons will penetrate up to about 35 m in solid copper and 10 m in solid graphite. A very interesting outcome of this work is that the impact of the LHC beam on solid matter will generate Warm Dense Matter (WDM) and Strongly Coupled Plasmas (SCP).The beams for the LHC are pre-accelerated in the SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron) to 450 GeV/c and transferred to LHC via two beam lines. Several SPS cycles are required to fill the LHC, in one cycle a batch with up to 288 bunches can be accelerated. From the safety point of view it is also very important to study the damage caused to the equipment in case of an accident involving an uncontrolled release of the SPS beam. For this purpose we have also carried out detailed numerical simulations of the impact of the full SPS beam on solid copper and tungsten targets. These simulations have shown that the targets are severely damaged by the beam. It is also interesting to note that also in this case, a large part of the target material is converted into WDM and SCP. This study, therefore, shows that the LHC and the SPS have the potential to be used for studying these important fields of research. However, to achieve this goal, it is necessary to advance this work by designing dedicated experiments. This work is in progress.

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Section: Hydrodynamic Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This data has been calculated using the code SAHA-IV code [30][31][32] which is specially designed for calculations of thermodynamic properties of multicomponent plasma with strong interparticle interactions. The calculational procedure is based on a chemical picture of the plasmas [30,31].…”

Section: Hydrodynamic Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Large Hadron Collider and the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN as tools to Generate Warm Dense Matter and Non–Ideal Plasmas

Tahir

Schmidt

Shutov

et al. 2011

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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“…The parameter ε = 0.138eV is chosen so that our softsphere potential for molecular-molecular repulsion is close to the potential [27] at a distance r = 2a 0 . In order to take into account the existence of condensed states (liquid and solid) for hydrogen (deuterium), the attraction term in the free energy has to be considered [28] in addition to the soft-sphere repulsion. In our case ΔF (int) n reads:…”

Section: Saha-d Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equation of state of shock compressed gases at megabar pressure range

Gryaznov¹,

Iosilevskiy²,

Фортов³

2012

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…Further details can be found in Ref. 42. The density and temperature range used in these calculations corresponds to that achieved in the hydrodynamic simulations.…”

Section: -5mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8͑a͒ we plot the coupling parameter gamma for a tungsten plasma versus temperature for four different values of density, namely, 1%, 5%, 10%, and 20% of the solid density. These data have been calculated using the code SAHA-IV code, [40][41][42] which is specially designed for calculations of thermodynamic properties of multicomponent plasma with strong interparticle interactions. The calculational procedure is based on a chemical picture of the plasmas.…”

Section: -5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of warm dense matter and strongly coupled plasmas using the High Radiation on Materials facility at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron

et al. 2009

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A dedicated facility named High Radiation on Materials ͑HiRadMat͒ is being constructed at CERN to study the interaction of the 450 GeV protons generated by the Super Proton Synchrotron ͑SPS͒ with fixed solid targets of different materials. The main purpose of these future experiments is to study the generation and propagation of thermal shock waves in the target in order to assess the damage caused to the equipment, including collimators and absorbers, in case of an accident involving an uncontrolled release of the entire beam at a given point. Detailed numerical simulations of the beam-target interaction of several cases of interest have been carried out. In this paper we present simulations of the thermodynamic and the hydrodynamic response of a solid tungsten cylindrical target that is facially irradiated with the SPS beam with nominal parameters. These calculations have been carried out in two steps. First, the energy loss of the protons is calculated in the solid target using the FLUKA Nucl. Sci. Eng. 123, 169 ͑1996͔͒, which is based on a Godunov-type numerical scheme. The transverse intensity distribution in the beam focal spot is Gaussian. We consider three different sizes of the focal spot that are characterized by standard deviations, = 0.088, 0.28, and 0.88 mm, respectively. This study has shown that the target is severely damaged in all the three cases and the material in the beam-heated region is transformed into warm dense matter including a strongly coupled plasma state. This new experimental facility can therefore also be used for dedicated experiments to study high energy density matter.

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Shock compression and thermodynamics of highly nonideal metallic plasma

Cited by 47 publications

References 19 publications

The Large Hadron Collider and the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN as tools to Generate Warm Dense Matter and Non–Ideal Plasmas

The Large Hadron Collider and the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN as tools to Generate Warm Dense Matter and Non–Ideal Plasmas

Equation of state of shock compressed gases at megabar pressure range

Generation of warm dense matter and strongly coupled plasmas using the High Radiation on Materials facility at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron

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