Ship tracking by HF radar in coastal waters

Laws, K.; Vesecky, J.F.; Lovellette, M. N.; Paduan, Jeffrey D.

doi:10.1109/oceans.2016.7761012

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…As a result, information extracted from these data do not offer exhaustive depiction of maritime activities spatiotemporal footprint, especially in coastal areas where most ships are below these size limits. A few attempts have been made to fill this gap, either by introducing cooperative data collection (interviews [90,92], GPS on specific fleets, [93,94]) or by mobilizing the potential offered by coastal radars, much less dependent on ship's size [32,95,96]. The extension of requirements for VMS on smaller ships is currently discussed in Europe within the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP, [97]) and could contribute to reducing these gaps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring uses of maritime surveillance data for marine spatial planning: A review of scientific literature

et al. 2020

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Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) has become of key interest in many countries around the world in the last decade, leading to an increased need to inform the historical spatial and temporal footprint of maritime activities. If this knowledge was still recently considered a blind spot, recent developments of maritime surveillance systems (e.g. AIS, VTS, VMS) have allowed to fill some of these gaps by generating significant amounts of spatial data on ships at sea. In this paper, the use of these maritime surveillance data for planning purposes is explored through the lens of the international scientific literature. A first set of 2030 articles dealing with maritime surveillance data and collected through the Web of Science collection was explored to determine the type of data used, the maritime activities addressed and the main objective of each paper (technical developments, safety and security, environmental protection, MSP). This allowed to highlight the growing interest on maritime surveillance data in the scientific literature over the past decades, predominantly towards AIS data and shipping. Over the 2030 papers, only 63 dealt specifically with MSP. These were extracted and explored, allowing to highlight the potential of these data to feed in MSP processes, with a specific focus on fisheries. Nevertheless, the description of actual uses of surveillance-based information within MSP processes remained particularly rare. If this can be seen as a result of a science-policy delay, we suggest that it is mostly related to issues of accessibility, acceptance by economic stakeholders and appropriation by decision makers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring uses of maritime surveillance data for marine spatial planning: A review of scientific literature

et al. 2020

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“…The extension of the HFR surface current to fit multiple purposes, aiming to address single to multiple environmental threats, scientific questions and societal needs, requires a multidisciplinary integrative approach and coordinated monitoring of different essential ocean variables. In this context, it is worth mentioning that HFR multiparameter monitoring of the sea state allows the development of diverse applications to tackle a wide range of coastal threats: (i) monitoring eutrophication in highly productive coastal waters, combining HFR surface currents with thermistor chains, oxygen and turbidity sensors at various depth increments, and addressing physical-biological interactions in coastal basins (Cianelli et al, 2017;Hernández-Carrasco et al, 2018a); (ii) monitoring the transport of floating marine litter and other contaminants using surface current fields from HFRs and models (Declerck et al, 2019); (iii) ship tracking (Dzvonkovskaya et al, 2007;Laws et al, 2016); (iv) early tsunami and meteotsunami detection (Lipa et al, 2006;Monserrat et al, 2006;Guèrin et al, 2008 ;Lipa et al, 2011Lipa et al, , 2012Gurgel et al, 2011, Dzvonkovskaya et al, 2012 (Shrira and Forget, 2015), air-sea interaction (Berta et al, 2018) and mixing in the upper ocean, as well as near-surface current shear; and (vii) promoting the HFR use for supporting marine renewable energy resource assessment (i.e., winds, currents, waves) in the coastal zone (Wyatt, 2012(Wyatt, , 2021Basáñez and Pérez-Nuñunzuri, 2021;Mundaca-Moraga et al, 2021). Additionally, since the intensity of the multiple stressors (e.g., climate-change effects, habitat loss and degradation, eutrophication, introduction of alien species, fishing practices) is increasing throughout most of the Mediterranean basin, trend analysis is an essential process in assessing the state of the ocean of a region.…”

Section: Future Prospects For Hfr Applications and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, coastal ocean surface current and wave realtime information, which represents the primary and secondary basic products of HFRs, respectively, is being used extensively by search and rescue (Ullman et al, 2006;Ličer et al, 2020;Révelard et al, 2021), environmental agencies for pollutant monitoring of oil spills (Abascal et al, 2009), marine litter tracking (Declerck et al, 2019), recreational activities, navigational safety, ports and shipping, ship detection and tracking (Ponsford et al, 2001;Dzvonkovskaya et al, 2007;Maresca et al, 2013;Laws et al, 2016), coastal and offshore engineering applications, aquaculture, marine renewables (Wyatt, 2012;Basáñez and Pérez-Muñunzuri, 2021;Mundaca-Moraga et al, 2021), and early warning detection systems for natural hazards (Lipa et al, 2006;Gurgel et al, 2011;Grilli et al, 2015;Guérin et al, 2018), among others. Furthermore, the mapping of surface currents at high spatiotemporal resolution provided by the HFRs in the coastal strip allow us to use them as a ground truth for coastal model real-time assessment (Wilkin and Hunter, 2013;Lorente et al, 2016Lorente et al, , 2019bMourre et al, 2018;Aguiar et al, 2020) and improvement through HFR data assimilation (Breivik and Saetra, 2001;Paduan and Shulman, 2004;Barth et al, 2008;Iermano et al, 2016;Hernández-Lasheras et al, 2021), as well as for the evaluation of coastal remote sensing products (Manso-Narvarte et al, 2018;Gommenginger et al, 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

Coastal high-frequency radars in the Mediterranean – Part 2: Applications in support of science priorities and societal needs

Reyes

Aguiar

Bendoni³

et al. 2022

Ocean Sci.

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Abstract. The Mediterranean Sea is a prominent climate-change hot spot, with many socioeconomically vital coastal areas being the most vulnerable targets for maritime safety, diverse met-ocean hazards and marine pollution. Providing an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution at wide coastal areas, high-frequency radars (HFRs) have been steadily gaining recognition as an effective land-based remote sensing technology for continuous monitoring of the surface circulation, increasingly waves and occasionally winds. HFR measurements have boosted the thorough scientific knowledge of coastal processes, also fostering a broad range of applications, which has promoted their integration in coastal ocean observing systems worldwide, with more than half of the European sites located in the Mediterranean coastal areas. In this work, we present a review of existing HFR data multidisciplinary science-based applications in the Mediterranean Sea, primarily focused on meeting end-user and science-driven requirements, addressing regional challenges in three main topics: (i) maritime safety, (ii) extreme hazards and (iii) environmental transport process. Additionally, the HFR observing and monitoring regional capabilities in the Mediterranean coastal areas required to underpin the underlying science and the further development of applications are also analyzed. The outcome of this assessment has allowed us to provide a set of recommendations for future improvement prospects to maximize the contribution to extending science-based HFR products into societally relevant downstream services to support blue growth in the Mediterranean coastal areas, helping to meet the UN's Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development and the EU's Green Deal goals.

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“…The adaptive detection technique (ADT) establishes a threshold surface that can be adapted to noise, screens out ship signals higher than noise, and then uses AIS for verification [11]. The ship signal analysis method was developed to remove the distance sequence data output from the CODAR original system, and then the median filter is used to calculate the background noise [28]. The noise reference value of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is used to filter out the ship signal based on an SNR greater than 20, and then it uses the Kalman filter to track the trajectory and reduce the false alarm rate.…”

Section: Detection Of Vessels In the Radar Echo Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying an Adaptive Signal Identification Method to Improve Vessel Echo Detection and Tracking for SeaSonde HF Radar

2021

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To enhance remote sensing for maritime safety and security, various sensors need to be integrated into a centralized maritime surveillance system (MSS). High-frequency (HF) radar systems are a type of mainstream technology widely used in international marine remote sensing and have great potential to detect distant sea surface targets due to their over-the-horizon (OTH) capability. However, effectively recognizing targets in spectra with intrinsic strong disturbance echoes and random environmental noise is still challenging. To avoid the above problem, this paper proposes an adaptive signal identification method to detect target signals based on a rapid and flexible threshold. By integrating a watershed segmentation algorithm, the subsequent direction result can be used to automatically compute the direction of arrival (DOA) of the targets. To assist in the orientation of the object, forward intersections are integrated with the technique. Hence, the proposed technique can effectively recognize vessel echoes with automatic identification system (AIS) verification. Experiments have demonstrated the promising feasibility of the proposed method’s performance.

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Ship tracking by HF radar in coastal waters

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Exploring uses of maritime surveillance data for marine spatial planning: A review of scientific literature

Exploring uses of maritime surveillance data for marine spatial planning: A review of scientific literature

Coastal high-frequency radars in the Mediterranean – Part 2: Applications in support of science priorities and societal needs

Applying an Adaptive Signal Identification Method to Improve Vessel Echo Detection and Tracking for SeaSonde HF Radar

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