Ship-Based Carbon Capture and Storage: A Supply Chain Feasibility Study

Abstract

The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) calls for the maritime industry to restrict its CO2 emissions by −40% (IMO2030) and −70% (IMO2050). This paper answered the following research question: “Which technical, economic and emissions-related conditions predominantly determine the feasibility of a conceptual supply chain of liquid CO2 that is captured from the exhaust gases of LNG powered offshore vessels?” The captured CO2 is transported to land where it is utilized by a final customer. The study followed a systems engineering approach. Problem definition was followed by a requirements analysis (technology, emissions, economy and operations), design with scenarios and a case study with realistic vessel deployment, modeling and evaluation. All designs have technical uncertainties and financial risks, but the sale of captured CO2 could be a crucial advantage of the proposed concept over other concepts. The main conclusion is that emission and financial targets (payback time) can be met by aligning the offshore transportation distance with the capacity to store CO2 on board and the available means of transport to the final user. Specialists from the vessel owner indicate that capturing, storage and off-loading is likely to have minor implications for the vessel availability and regular operations.

A mixed catalyst prepared by mechanically milling VW/TiO2 and low content of Pt/Al2O3 for SCO of high-concentration NH3

“…At present, the majority of commercial ships still adopt diesel engines as their main propulsion plants, which consume nearly 300 million tons of fuel oil and emit about 800 million tons of CO 2 annually. 2 The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set an ambitious goal of reducing CO 2 emissions by at least 50% by 2050 compared to the baseline in 2008. 3 This means that low-carbon vessels need to be extensively deployed by around 2030, and their average CO 2 emission intensity should decrease by 70% compared to existing oil-fuel vessels.…”

Mitigation of Ship Emissions: Overview of Recent Trends

“…At first glance, the integration of a post-combustion CO 2 capture island into an energy system does not require major modifications . However, the separation of CO 2 is an energy-intensive process that is accompanied by an additional expenditure of energy, for example, by burning more fuel .…”

“…9 At first glance, the integration of a post-combustion CO 2 capture island into an energy system does not require major modifications. 152 However, the separation of CO 2 is an energyintensive process that is accompanied by an additional expenditure of energy, for example, by burning more fuel. 153 For above-ground industries, post-combustion capture systems, such as adsorption, physical/chemical absorption, membranes, and cryogenic separation, represent a nonnegligible fraction of the cost of purchasing and installing a compliant plant.…”

Numerical Analyses on Performance of Low Carbon Containership

“…Hence, OCCS 3 was the chosen CCS for shipping decarbonization in this study so that the OCCS installation can meet the 2050's goal set by IMO, whereby maritime industry shall restrict 70% of CO2 emission by 2050 [30]. In Section 3.3, the selected OCCS 3 was compared with various decarbonization pathways in terms of CAR, ES, CS and EEDI.…”