Shigellemia in a post renal transplant patient: a case report and literature review

Appannanavar, Suma B; Goyal, Kapil; Garg, Rajkumar; Ray, Pallab; Rathi, Manish; Taneja, Neelam

doi:10.3855/jidc.3000

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…; Appannanavar et al . ). Shigella bacteraemia is mostly caused by S. dysenteriae type 1 and S. flexneri 3a followed by S. sonnei (Sharma and Arora ).…”

Section: Extraintestinal Complications Of Shigella Serotypesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, very few cases have been reported so far in India (Appannanavar et al . ). Shigella infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis when encountering severe sepsis associated with diarrhoea and vomiting in infants and young children.…”

Section: Extraintestinal Complications Of Shigella Serotypesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Young age and malnutrition are the two most important factors associated with bacteraemia (Yen et al 2003;Jain et al 2014). Shigellaemia due to S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii and S. sonnei had been reported from all parts of the world especially in children <5 years with nutritional deficiency, pneumonia and sickle cell anaemia as well as in the immunocompromised adults (Saraswathi et al 2002;Appannanavar et al 2014). Shigella bacteraemia is mostly caused by S. dysenteriae type 1 and S. flexneri 3a followed by S. sonnei (Sharma and Arora 2012).…”

Section: Blood Stream Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update on:Shigellanew serogroups/serotypes and their antimicrobial resistance

Sethuvel

Ragupathi

Anandan

et al. 2016

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Shigellosis represents a major burden of disease in developing countries. A low infectious dose allows the disease to be spread effectively. Although shigellosis is mostly a self‐limiting disease, antibiotics are recommended to reduce deaths, disease symptoms and organism‐shedding time. However, in India, antimicrobial resistance among the genus Shigella is more common than among any other enteric bacteria. Notably, new serotypes or subserotypes in Shigella are reported from various parts of the world. Identification of new subserotypes of Shigella spp. is becoming a major issue as these strains are nontypeable by conventional serotyping. The commercially available antisera may not cover all possible epitopes of the O lipopolysaccharide antigen of Shigella serotypes. Therefore, molecular methods which most closely approach the resolution of full serotyping are necessary to identify such strains. In addition, the knowledge of a prevalent serotype in various geographic regions may assist in formulating strategies such as the development of a vaccine to prevent infection especially when the immunity to disease is serotype specific, and to understand the disease burden caused by new Shigella serotypes.

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“…; Appannanavar et al . ). Shigella bacteraemia is mostly caused by S. dysenteriae type 1 and S. flexneri 3a followed by S. sonnei (Sharma and Arora ).…”

Section: Extraintestinal Complications Of Shigella Serotypesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Extraintestinal Complications Of Shigella Serotypesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Blood Stream Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update on:Shigellanew serogroups/serotypes and their antimicrobial resistance

Sethuvel

Ragupathi

Anandan

et al. 2016

Lett Appl Microbiol

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“…The common microbes implicated in these infections include Streptococcus pneumonia , Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Candida albicans [ 7 ]. Shigella flexneri , Proteus vulgaris , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Enterococcus faecalis lead to diabetes foot ulcer [ 8 – 11 ]. The bacteria associated with gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections include Klebsiella pneumoniae , Streptococcus pyogenes , and Serratia marcescens [ 12 – 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activities ofBulbine abyssinicaUsed in the Folk Medicine in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Kibiti

Afolayan

2015

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Bulbine abyssinica A. Rich. is used in traditional medicine to treat rheumatism, dysentery, bilharzia, cracked lips, back pain, infertility, diabetes mellitus, and gastrointestinal, vaginal, and bladder infections. Therefore, preliminary phytochemical screening, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties of the whole plant (acetone and aqueous extracts) were determined using standard procedures. The in vitro antioxidant model assays revealed that the plant possesses free radical scavenging potential varying with free radical species. The species showed significant protein denaturation inhibitory activity with good protection against erythrocyte membrane lysis indicating anti-inflammatory potential. The results also showed that the species was active against the growth of all the selected eight diabetic status opportunistic bacteria except one. Moreover, the species is characterized by appreciable amounts of total phenols, flavonoids, flavanols, proanthocyanidins, and alkaloids. Traces amounts of saponins and tannins were also observed. Amongst the identified phytochemicals present, empirical searches identified them being antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial agents. The identification of these phytochemical constituents with their known pharmacological properties indicates that this plant is a good source of the free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial agents. These findings also account for the multipharmacological use of B. abyssinica in fork medicine.

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“…Morduchowicz et al reported 27 cases of Shigella bacteremia of which 16 had an underlying predisposing condition [12]. Appannanavar et al also reported a case of bacteremia in a renal transplant patient and two other cases in postrenal transplant are reported in literature [8, 25, 26]. Hawkins et al presented a total of 9 cases of Shigella bacteremia in adults with underlying predisposing comorbidities including the use of immunosuppressant, diabetes mellitus, alcohol liver disease, HIV/AIDS, and malignancy [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shigella sonneiBacteremia Presenting with Profound Hepatic Dysfunction

Shogbesan

Rettew

Shaikh

et al. 2017

Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine

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Worldwide, Shigellosis is a significant public health issue, associated with nearly one million deaths annually. About half a million cases of Shigella infection are reported annually in the United States. Shigella bacteremia is uncommon and generally seen in children and immunocompromised adults. We present a case of a Shigella sonnei bacteremia with marked hepatic derangement in a 27-year-old previously healthy homosexual male with history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, who presented to the emergency room with a 4-day history of loose watery stool, abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting, and yellow skin of 2-day duration. He reports similar diarrhea illness in two close contacts in preceding days. On examination, he was fully oriented but dehydrated, icteric, and febrile. Laboratory data revealed WBC of 2200/μL, elevated AST and ALT (201 IU/L, 73 IU/L resp.), normal alkaline phosphatase, elevated total and direct bilirubin of 8.2 mg/dL and 4.4 mg/dL, albumin of 3.2 g/dL, INR of 2.9, prothrombin time of 31.7, and platelet of 96,000/μL. Workup for infectious, autoimmune and medication-induced hepatitis, Wilson's disease, and hemochromatosis was negative. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography of the abdomen showed hepatic steatosis and right-sided colitis. Stool and blood cultures were positive for Shigella sonnei. He was treated with ciprofloxacin with improvement in liver function. Follow-up blood test 4 months later was within normal limits.

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Shigellemia in a post renal transplant patient: a case report and literature review

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Update on:Shigellanew serogroups/serotypes and their antimicrobial resistance

Update on:Shigellanew serogroups/serotypes and their antimicrobial resistance

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activities ofBulbine abyssinicaUsed in the Folk Medicine in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Shigella sonneiBacteremia Presenting with Profound Hepatic Dysfunction

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