1998
DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8549
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Shifts in the TH1/TH2 Balance during Human Pregnancy Correlate with Apoptotic Changes

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Cited by 214 publications
(150 citation statements)
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“…This is substantiated by the evidence that pregnancy tends to ameliorate pre-existing autoimmune cell-mediated conditions [22]. In normal pregnant women, there is significantly higher IL-10 and other Th2 cytokine production by mitogenactivated peripheral blood mononuclear cells [29,30] and reduced IL-2 [27] and IFN-g mRNA expression [31] and their corresponding CD4 þ and CD8 þ Tcells [32].…”
Section: T-helper 1 Versus T-helper 2 Responsementioning
confidence: 97%
“…This is substantiated by the evidence that pregnancy tends to ameliorate pre-existing autoimmune cell-mediated conditions [22]. In normal pregnant women, there is significantly higher IL-10 and other Th2 cytokine production by mitogenactivated peripheral blood mononuclear cells [29,30] and reduced IL-2 [27] and IFN-g mRNA expression [31] and their corresponding CD4 þ and CD8 þ Tcells [32].…”
Section: T-helper 1 Versus T-helper 2 Responsementioning
confidence: 97%
“…It has been found that Th2-type c y t o ki n e s p r o d u c e d b y m a t e r n a l c e ll s a r e predominant at the feto-maternal interface during normal pregnancy in mice [22] and humans [33]. Excessive Th1 cytokine production, on the other hand, has been shown to evoke rejection responses directed against fetoplacenal semiallografts [61]. Th1/Th2 imbalance has been found in association with multiple failures of recurrent spontaneous a b o r t i o n s [ 3 0 , 3 1 ] , p r e e c l a m p s i a [ 3 2 -3 4 ] , intrauterine growth retardation [35], preterm delivery, and premature rupture of membranes [36,37].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Evidências sugerem que uma resposta imune do tipo Th1 esteja associada ao fenômeno da rejeição, enquanto a resposta do tipo Th2 estaria ligada à tolerância imunitária e progressão gestacional. Assim, durante a gestação, ocorre uma alteração na resposta Th1 no sentido de Th2 7,23,24,25 . A estimulação antigênica pode levar à diferenciação dos linfócitos T CD4+ em direção às subpopulações Th1 ou Th2, que possuem funções e padrões de produção de citocinas relativamente restritos.…”
Section: Discussionunclassified