Shifting Prevalence of Major Diarrheal Pathogens in Patients Seeking Hospital Care during Floods in 1998, 2004, and 2007 in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Harris, Aaron M.; Chowdhury, Fahima; Begum, Yasmin; Khan, Ashraful Islam; Faruque, A. S. G.; Svennerholm, Ann‐Mari; Harris, Jason B.; Ryan, Edward T.; Cravioto, Alejandro; Calderwood, Stephen B.; Qadri, Firdausi

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2008.79.708

Cited by 105 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…[18][19][20][21][22] On the other hand typical EPEC, a wellrecognized cause of infantile diarrhea, 4 contributed much less during the current study compared with atypical EPEC in previous studies. 23,24 Similar results have been observed in Bangladesh where the majority of ETEC producing LT, followed by LT + ST and ST producing were predominantly associated with flood associated diarrheal cases 25 compared with previous studies from China, India, Mexico, Myanmar, and Pakistan where strains predominantly produced ST. 26 The association of EAEC with diarrhea has not been frequently reported, 27 however in our study EAEC is one of the most frequently isolated pathotype in sporadic cases, whereas EPEC is from flood affected cases. Furthermore, younger children ( 5 years of age) are more often affected by EAEC than older children in both the flood affected and non-flood affected areas (Table 4).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Escherichia coli Pathotypes in Pakistan from Consecutive Floods in 2010 and 2011

Bokhari

Shah²,

Asad³

et al. 2013

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. This study compares Escherichia coli pathotypes circulating among children in Pakistan during the floods of 2010 and 2011 and from sporadic cases outside flood affected areas. Using multiplex polymerase chain reaction 115 of 205 stool samples (56.29%) were positive for diarrheagenic E. coli from specimens taken during the floods compared with 50 of 400 (12.5%) stool samples being positive for sporadic cases. The E. coli pathotypes were categorized as Enteropathogenic E. coli 33 (28.69%) and 13 (26%), Enterotoxigenic E. coli 29 (25.21%) and 15 (30%), Enteroaggregative E. coli 21 (18.2%) and 18 (36%), Enterohemorrhagic E. coli 5 (4.34%) and 1 (2%) from flood and sporadic cases, respectively. Furthermore, patients co-infected with more than one pathotype were 26 (22.60%) and 3 (6%) from flood and sporadic cases, respectively. The study shows an unexpectedly high rate of isolation of E. coli pathotypes suggesting Pakistan as an endemic region that requires active surveillance particularly during flood periods.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Escherichia coli Pathotypes in Pakistan from Consecutive Floods in 2010 and 2011

Bokhari

Shah²,

Asad³

et al. 2013

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Dominance of the ST-expressing ETEC has been documented in Egypt, Bangladesh, and Tunisia [11,20,21]. However, a recent study conducted in Bangladesh concluded that ETEC strains have shifted from ST-producers to significantly more LTproducing strains similar to those observed in Latin American countries, such as Mexico, Peru, and Argentina, which have shown a high prevalence of LT-producing ETEC [22,11,23]. The results of this study also showed the predominance of the STproducing strains in the 1988 isolates, but a significant increase in the detection rate of the LTproducers was observed among the 1998 ETEC isolates, and those previously reported [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Comparison of virulence markers and antibiotic resistance in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated ten years apart in Tehran

Shahrokhi

Bouzari

Jafari

2010

J Infect Dev Ctries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes diarrhoea by producing heat-labile (LT) or heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins after colonizing the small intestine by means of colonization factors (CFs). Although detection of the toxins is sufficient for verification of ETEC isolates, toxin-positive strains may be further analyzed for the presence of CFs. Antibiotics may shorten the duration of diarrhoea caused by ETEC, but the rapid emergence of resistant strains limits their usefulness. Methodology: ETEC isolates collected 10 years apart were compared for the prevalence of toxin types, CFs and antibiotic resistance. DNA/DNA hybridization with digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled probes was used for the detection of toxin types, and CF-typing was performed by DNA hybridization using DIG-labeled probes for cfaD and CS6 with slide agglutination. Disk diffusion was used to determine antibiotic resistance. The presence of class 1 integrons was detected by PCR. Results: ST-positive isolates were the most prevalent among the isolates from 1988, but a significant shift towards LT-gene carriage was observed in the 1998 group. CFA/I and CFA/IV were the most common CF types within both groups. The most prevalent resistance patterns among these isolates were ACSTSXT followed by ASTSXT and ASSXT. Conclusion: Our study of the two groups of isolates showed that the rate of LT and ST gene carriage, as well as antibiotic resistance markers, has changed in the ten years separating the two bacterial populations. These variations show the importance of monitoring pathogenic bacteria to obtain a near realistic picture of the circulating bacterial pathogens.

show abstract

“…In Bangladesh, monsoon (July to October) is the important season when spread of diarrhoea is noticed. There were extensive floods during the monsoons of 1988, 1998(Schwartz et al 2006Harris et al 2008). During these periods, 25-50% of Bangladesh was submerged, resulting in the destruction of infrastructure, contamination of water, and epidemics of diarrhoeal illness.…”

Section: Indirect Intangible Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated approach of flood risk assessment in the eastern part of Dhaka City

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The flood risk is a function of the flood hazard, the exposed values and their vulnerability. In addition to extreme hydrological events, different anthropogenic activities such as extensive urbanization and land use play an important role in producing catastrophic floods.Considerations of both physical and social dimensions are therefore equally important in flood risk assessment. However, very often the risk assessment studies either focus on physical or social dimensions. In addition, the available studies often focus on economic valuation of only direct tangible costs. In this study, we provide an integrated flood risk assessment approach that go beyond valuation of direct tangible costs, through incorporating physical dimensions in hazard and exposure and social dimensions in vulnerability. The method has been implemented in the Dhaka City, Bangladesh, an area internationally recognized hotspot for flood risk. In this study, flood hazards for different return periods are calculated in spatial environment using a hydrologic model, HEC-RAS. Vulnerability is assessed through aggregation of various social dimensions i.e., coping and adaptive capacities, susceptibility. We assess vulnerability for both baseline and improved scenario. In the baseline scenario, current early warning for study area is considered. In the alternative scenario, the warning system is expected to improve. Aggregating hazard, exposure and vulnerability, risk maps (in terms of both tangible and intangible costs) of several return period floods are produced for both baseline and improved scenario. Compared to traditional assessments, the integrated assessment approach used in this study generates more information about the flood risk. Consequently, the results are useful in evaluating policy alternatives and minimizing property loss in the study area.

show abstract

Shifting Prevalence of Major Diarrheal Pathogens in Patients Seeking Hospital Care during Floods in 1998, 2004, and 2007 in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Cited by 105 publications

References 20 publications

Escherichia coli Pathotypes in Pakistan from Consecutive Floods in 2010 and 2011

Escherichia coli Pathotypes in Pakistan from Consecutive Floods in 2010 and 2011

Comparison of virulence markers and antibiotic resistance in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated ten years apart in Tehran

An integrated approach of flood risk assessment in the eastern part of Dhaka City

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About