Escherichia coli Pathotypes in Pakistan from Consecutive Floods in 2010 and 2011

Bokhari, Habib; Shah, Muhammad Ali; Asad, Saba; Akhtar, S Q; Akram, Muhammad; Wren, Brendan W.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.12-0365

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…nteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a human pathogen that causes infantile diarrhea in developing countries (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). EPEC adheres to host intestinal epithelium and induces attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions, which are characterized by intimate attachment of the organisms to host epithelial cells and effacement of the surrounding enterocyte microvilli (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Expression of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Map Is Significantly Different than That of Other Type III Secreted Effectors In Vivo

2015

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The enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)-encoded effectors EspF and Map are multifunctional and have an impact on the tight junction barrier while the non-LEE-encoded proteins NleH1 and NleH2 possess significant anti-inflammatory activity. In order to address the temporal expression of these important genes in vivo, their promoters were cloned upstream of the luxCDABE operon, and luciferase expression was measured in EPEC-infected mice by bioluminescence using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS). Bioluminescent images of living mice, of excised whole intestines, and of whole intestines longitudinally opened and washed were assessed. The majority of bioluminescent bacteria localized in the cecum by 3 h postinfection, indicating that the cecum is not only a major colonization site of EPEC but also a site of EPEC effector gene expression in mice. espF, nleH1, and nleH2 were abundantly expressed over the course of infection. In contrast, map expression was suppressed at 2 days postinfection, and at 4 days postinfection it was totally abolished. After 2 to 4 days postinfection, when map is suppressed, EPEC colonization is significantly reduced, indicating that map may be one of the factors required to maintain EPEC colonization. This was confirmed in a competitive colonization study and in two models of chronic infection, repeated exposure to ketamine and Citrobacter rodentium infection. Our data suggest that map expression contributes to the maintenance of EPEC colonization. E nteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a human pathogen that causes infantile diarrhea in developing countries (1-7). EPEC adheres to host intestinal epithelium and induces attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions, which are characterized by intimate attachment of the organisms to host epithelial cells and effacement of the surrounding enterocyte microvilli (8). A pathogenicity island known as the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) encodes the proteins that promote the attachment and effacement phenotype, including the type III secretion system (T3SS) and T3SS effector proteins (9, 10). The T3SS translocates bacterial effector proteins into host cells, thus mediating host cell responses and alterations. Effector proteins secreted through the T3SS are comprised of not only LEE-encoded proteins but also non-LEEencoded proteins. The temporal hierarchy of translocated effectors through the T3SS has been defined using in vitro models. Tir is the first effector to be translocated from EPEC into cultured cells, followed by EspZ, EspF, EspH, EspG, and Map (11). Therefore, it is likely that the expression of effector proteins in vivo also varies in accordance with time and localization of infection. A recent report described the expression of virulence genes in Citrobacter rodentium, a natural mouse pathogen, by studying the expression of Ler, a regulator for most LEE genes (12). This study showed that virulence genes were expressed and required for pathogen growth during early infection but that they were downre...

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confidence: 99%

Expression of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Map Is Significantly Different than That of Other Type III Secreted Effectors In Vivo

2015

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“…Graph 3 shows the time series of these variables during the study period. Outbreaks of diarrhea associated with extreme weather events have occurred worldwide, especially after flooding events and inundations 9,28,[36][37][38][39][40][41] . However, until then, no one knew how much these factors could contribute to the occurrence of infectious diarrheal diseases in this municipality with potential to cause hospitalization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variabilidade climática e internações por doenças diarreicas infecciosas em um município da Amazônia Ocidental brasileira

Duarte

Díaz-Quijano

Batista

et al. 2019

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

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Resumo A morbimortalidade por doenças diarreicas infecciosas ainda representa um grave problema de saúde no Brasil e está altamente relacionada a fatores como condições climáticas, ambientais e de vida da população. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação das taxas de internações por doenças diarreicas infecciosas na população do município de Rio Branco/AC com a precipitação, o nível do rio, a umidade e a temperatura, entre os anos de 2000 e 2013. Os dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS, do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e da Agência Nacional das Águas. Foram ajustados modelos múltiplos de regressão de Poisson e binomial negativa. Os resultados mostram que existe uma associação positiva entre as internações por doenças diarreicas infecciosas e o nível do Rio Acre (RT:1,07; IC95%:1,04 a 1,1); houve um decréscimo de 14% nestas taxas de internações entre os anos de 2000 e 2013 (RT:0,86; IC95%:0,85 a 0,87); o grupo mais vulnerável pertence à faixa etária de menores de 1 ano de vida. Este estudo mostrou a vulnerabilidade de uma cidade na Amazônia quanto à variabilidade climática e a respectiva influência epidemiológica na incidência de internações por doenças diarreicas infecciosas.

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“…It seems that irrigation of vegetable and fruit with contaminated flumes may be an important way of ETEC environmental transmissions in Mehriz city. Bokhari et al (2013) showed that ETEC diarrheal disease was the main agent of children outbreaks occurred after consecutive floods in Pakistan during 2010 to 2011. Furthermore, 14 cases of ETEC outbreaks in adults were identified in the United States during 1975 to 1995 affecting 5683 persons (Dalton et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Food-Borne Disease Outbreaks in Yazd Province of Iran during 2012-2016

Aminharati

Ehrampoush

Dallal

et al. 2018

J. Food Qual. Hazards Control

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HIGHLIGHTS Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) outbreaks in Ashkezar, Mehriz, and Taft were more prevalent than the other cities of Yazd province.  There was a positive relationship between suspended dust condition and the incidence rate of ETEC outbreaks.  Some associations were found between incidence rate of ETEC outbreaks and demographic features. ABSTRACT Background: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most important agents of travelers' diarrheal diseases in the developing countries. The main purpose of this study was to determine the association of ETEC outbreaks with climatic and demographic variables in Yazd province of Iran. Methods: This study was done on 729 food-borne disease rectal swab samples, which gathered during 48 ETEC outbreaks in Yazd province from 2012 to 2016. The isolates were identified by biochemical tests, serotyping, and heat labile enterotoxin assays in Vero cell line culture. The climatic data was gathered from Iran's Meteorological Organization and Yazd synoptic stations. Data were analyzed by Stata statistical software.Results: The rates of ETEC outbreaks in Ashkezar, Mehriz, and Taft were significantly (p<0.05) more than the other cities of Yazd province. A positive relationship was found between suspended dust condition and the IR of ETEC outbreaks. The IR of ETEC outbreak in autumn was more than the other seasons. Conclusion: The present work showed the association of ETEC outbreaks with some factors such as demographic features, location status, and climate variations.

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Escherichia coli Pathotypes in Pakistan from Consecutive Floods in 2010 and 2011

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Expression of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Map Is Significantly Different than That of Other Type III Secreted Effectors In Vivo

Expression of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Map Is Significantly Different than That of Other Type III Secreted Effectors In Vivo

Variabilidade climática e internações por doenças diarreicas infecciosas em um município da Amazônia Ocidental brasileira

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Food-Borne Disease Outbreaks in Yazd Province of Iran during 2012-2016

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