Shell morphology and identification of early life history stages of congeneric species of <i>Crassostrea</i> and <i>Ostrea</i>

Hu, Yaping; Fuller, S. Cynthia; Castagna, Michael; Vrijenhoek, Robert C.; Lutz, Richard A.

doi:10.1017/s0025315400033051

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This reduction of the teeth in the posterior area, common in species of Crassostrea (Dinamani, 1976;Hu et al, 1993) was observed in this study, in C. rhizophorae larvae of 337 µm, in C. brasiliana of 390 µm and in C. gigas of 379 µm height. The anterior teeth of the left valve and of the right valve are present and vary in number among the studied species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The variation observed in the length of the provinculum of the left valve, larger than the right valve, for the studied species is a consequence of the appearance of the distal teeth in the left valve. This increase in the length of the provinculum from this larval phase was also observed by Hu et al (1993).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The dimension of the larval shell of oysters, its general form, the prominence and form of the umbo during the planktonic period, and the relationships between the length and height of the provinculum, are important diagnostic characteristics (Dinamani, 1976;Waller, 1981;Hu et al, 1993;Carriker, 1996;Eble and Scro, 1996). Thus, detailed studies of the morphological characteristics of the larval shell allow the description and differentiation of congeneric species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to differentiate con-generic larvae of Ostreidae and of larvae of other bivalve families, when isolated in planktonic samples (Webb, 1987;Fuller et al, 1989;Hu et al, 1993;Kimura and Sekiguchi, 1994;Monteiro-Ribas et al, 2006). The first larval stage after the trocophore of bivalves is characterised by the beginning of calcification and the formation of a shell-prodissoconch I (PI) followed by the prodissoconch II (P-II), with different structures characteristic of each species (Christo and Absher, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology of the larval shell of three oyster species of the genus Crassostrea Sacco, 1897 (Bivalvia: Ostreidae)

2010

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In this study we describe the morphology of the larval shell of three oyster species of Crassostrea genus. Two species, C. rhizophorae and C. brasiliana, are native to the Brazilian coast, and C. gigas is an introduced species. Samples of laboratory reared larvae, obtained through artificial fertilisation, were collected at intervals during the cultivation process for analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Prodissoconch morphology was observed in relation to the presence, position, form and number of teeth in the three larval stages: D-shaped larva, umbo larva and pediveliger. Characteristic of D-shaped larvae of C. rhizophorae was the total absence of teeth in the provinculum area while C. brasiliana and C. gigas had two anterior and two posterior teeth in each valve. In the umbo larval phase, the three species had the same number of teeth in each valve: two posterior and two anterior teeth in the right valve and three posterior and three anterior in the left valve. In the pediveliger stage the three species could be differentiated by the number of anterior teeth of the right valve: C. rhizophorae had two teeth, C. brasiliana one tooth and C. gigas three teeth.Keywords: Crassostrea, oyster larvae, prodissoconch, shell morphology. Morfologia de conchas larvais de três espécies de ostras do gênero Crassostrea Sacco, 1897 (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) ResumoNeste estudo, foi descrita a morfologia das conchas larvais de três espécies de ostras do gênero Crassostrea. Duas espécies, C. rhizophorae e C. brasiliana, são nativas da costa brasileira e C. gigas é uma espécie introduzida. Amostras de larvas produzidas em laboratório através de fertilização artificial foram coletadas em intervalos durante o processo de cultivo para análises dos número de dentes nos três estágios larvais: larva D, umbo e pediveliger. As larvas D de C. rhizophorae caracterizaram-se pela total ausência de dentes na área do provinculum, enquanto C. brasiliana e C. gigas apresentaram dois dentes anteriores e dois posteriores em cada valva. Na fase umbo, as três espécies apresentaram o mesmo número de dentes em cada valva: dois dentes anteriores e dois posteriores na valva direita; e três dentes posteriores e três anteriores na valva esquerda. Na fase pediveliger, as três espécies se diferenciaram pelo número de dentes anteriores na valva direita: C. rhizophorae apresentou dois dentes; C. brasiliana, um dente; e C. gigas, três dentes.Palavras-chave: Crassostrea, larvas de ostra, prodissoconcha, morfologia. 645Braz.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology of the larval shell of three oyster species of the genus Crassostrea Sacco, 1897 (Bivalvia: Ostreidae)

2010

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“…More frequently however, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of larval hinge structures is being used to describe bivalve larvae. This is extremely useful in identifying closely related (congeneric) species with similar shell morphologies (e.g., Loosanoff et al 1966;Lutz & Hidu 1979;Hu et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval development of the New Zealand geoduckPanopea zelandica(Bivalvia: Hiatellidae)

Gribben

Hay²

2003

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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The larval development of the New Zealand geoduck, Panopea zelandica, grown under culture conditions, was described through measurements of shell morphometry using video image analysis, photomicrographs, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Gametes were stripped from ripe broodstock and eggs fertilised with a dilute sperm solution. Developing larvae were maintained at 17 ± 1°C. Fertilised eggs developed into trochophores within 12 h and to D-stage larvae (105.3 µm shell length) within 24 h. Larvae spontaneously settled after c. 16 days at c. 247 µm shell length. Measurements of shell morphology, including total length, total height, hinge length, length of anterior end, and umbo length and height were adequate descriptors of larval development. SEM indicated that the provinculum of D-stage and developing veliger larvae lacked any teeth, although there was some development of a small lamelliform tooth on the hinge structure of newly settled post-larvae. Prominent spines common on dissoconch shells of other hiatellid clams were absent in newly settled post-larvae of P. zelandica. The data presented here are the first description of the larval development and larval biology of P. zelandica. The relative ease of spawning and rearing of P. zelandica suggests that the development of commercial hatchery technology for this species warrants further investigation.

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Interactions of larval dynamics and substrate preference have ecological significance for benthic biodiversity and Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758 in the presence of Crepidula fornicata

Preston

Fabra

Helmer

et al. 2020

Aquatic Conservation

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1. Populations of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis have experienced catastrophic declines across Europe and subsequent spread of the non-native species Crepidula fornicata has led to its occurrence in exceptionally high densities in some areas previously dominated by O. edulis. 2. Spatial and temporal concurrence of C. fornicata larvae within the zooplankton community occurs throughout the O. edulis spawning season. A C. fornicata larval peak density of 374.7 ± 96.5 larvae/ml (mean ± SD) was observed in Langston Harbour sympatrically with O. edulis density of 45.7 ± 20.1 larvae/ml in early August. Overall oyster larvae contribution to the zooplankton community was higher in Portsmouth Harbour (12%) than C. fornicata contribution (9.6%), whilst the opposite occurred in Langstone (oysters, 11.7%; C. fornicata, 12%). 3. Larval abundance is not reflected in recruitment on the seabed, owing to the conspecific substrate preference of O. edulis. Settlement of O. edulis spat was significantly greater on settlement discs covered with recently deceased oyster shells; 6.7 ± 1.2 (mean ± SE) spat/disc vs old smooth oyster shells, 2.7 ± 1.3, C. fornicata shell 1.7 ± 0.3, cemented discs 2 ± 1 or the plastic control disc 0.7 ± 0.7. 4. Settlement substrate type matters in the presence of high benthic and larval densities of C. fornicata. The Solent has become a substrate-limited system for O. edulis; substrate management or reef deployment is required to restore a selfrecruiting population. 5. Finally, although C. fornicata may provide functional equivalence in terms of filtering services, it supports a significantly different and less biodiverse faunal community from that of O. edulis. Therefore C. fornicata does not provide equivalence as an ecosystem engineer and mechanisms of ecological phase shift are occurring within areas dominated by this invasive species.

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Shell morphology and identification of early life history stages of congeneric species of Crassostrea and Ostrea

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Morphology of the larval shell of three oyster species of the genus Crassostrea Sacco, 1897 (Bivalvia: Ostreidae)

Morphology of the larval shell of three oyster species of the genus Crassostrea Sacco, 1897 (Bivalvia: Ostreidae)

Larval development of the New Zealand geoduckPanopea zelandica(Bivalvia: Hiatellidae)

Interactions of larval dynamics and substrate preference have ecological significance for benthic biodiversity and Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758 in the presence of Crepidula fornicata

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