“…Numerous researchers have since focused on quantifying the amount of money being laundered and how it is being laundered (Ardizzi et al, 2014;Argentiero et al, 2008;Barone and Masciandaro, 2011;Barone and Schneider, 2018;Biagioli, 2008;Ferwerda et al, 2013;Hassan and Schneider, 2016a;Hassan and Schneider, 2016b;Medina and Schneider, 2018;Schneider and Enste, 2000;Schneider, 2010;Schott, 2006;Unger, 2013;Unger and Hertog, 2012;Walker and Unger, 2009;Zdanowicz, 2004b;Zdanowicz, 2009). Researchers have used a variety of methods including the use of case studies, proxy variables and economic models.…”