“…Traditionally, an OSBD consists of a thin steel deck plate, longitudinal U-ribs, and transverse diaphragms. OSBDs are generally covered by 35–80 mm thick asphalt overlays (Cao et al, 2016; Yin et al, 2019). However, with the increase of traffic volume and heavier vehicle wheel loads, welded joints of OSBDs are easily subjected to fatigue cracking (Aygül et al, 2012; Lukić and Cremona, 2001; Walter et al, 2007; Ya et al, 2011), which is mainly due to the insufficient stiffness of the steel deck plate (Miki, 2006; Teixeira De Freitas et al, 2017).…”