“…This literature focuses often on individuals or individual institutions, for example, Cini (2008) and Tömmel (2013Tömmel ( , 2020 have investigated the European Commission presidents from a leadership perspective. In a similar vein, the presidents of the Council and the European Council have been studied extensively (Bunse, 2009;Dinan, 2013;Tallberg, 2006) as well as the EU High Representatives (Koops & Tercovich, 2020). In a similar vein, research has studied the leadership of institutions, such as the European Central Bank (Verdun, 2017) or the European Parliament (Shackleton, 2017).…”