Shaping the Architecture of the U.S. Information and Communication Technology Architecture: A Political Economic Analysis¹

Abstract

Abstract

International Linkages and National Innovation Rates: An Exploratory Probe1

“…As this article has shown, both domestic institutions and international linkages influence, but do not determine, national innovation rates. This is consistent with the findings of several other contributions to this special edition (Cowhey, Aronson, & Richards, 2009;Doner, Hicken, & Ritchie, 2009). Also, the prima facie evidence appears not to indicate a generalizeable causal relationship between institutions and linkages.…”

Are Intellectual Property Rights Hindering Technological Advance? The Need for Technological Commons1

“…In discussing the U.S. case, we find ourselves in agreement with other contributors to this special edition, such as Cowhey, Aronson, and Richards (2009) and Kushida and Zysman (2009), all of whom likewise emphasize the importance of domestic institutions in shaping technological outcomes. This is in contrast to Taylor (2009), who sees international linkages as potentially playing a far stronger role, although we also emphasize particularly the U.S. clout in the international scene.…”

The Services Transformation and Network Policy: The New Logic of Value Creation1

“…This open platform, enabling firms to experiment, to innovate, to refashion their business models, and to reorganize their activities to capture productivity gains, grew out of a specific set of U.S. regulations over IT networks. The U.S. political economy origins of the Internet, well documented elsewhere, detail how the U.S. governmental structure and particular policies led to market dynamics that restricted communications firms from controlling data flows and applications, allowing new firms to experiment and innovate (Bar et al., 2000; Cowhey, Arronson, & Richards, 2009). This ultimately led to the adoption of TCP/IP as an open set of protocols to connect a wide variety of existing networks—a “network of networks.”…”