Shape-selective alkylation of biphenyl with propylene using zeolite and amorphous silica–alumina catalysts

Pendyala, Venkat Ramana Rao; Jacobs, Gary; Shafer, Wilson D.; Keogh, Robert A.; Kang, Jungshik; Sparks, Dennis E.; Davis, Burtron H.

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2012.12.011

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The overall rate of the reaction (r oi ) can be obtained by substituting Eqns (8) and (14) into Eqn (7)…”

Section: T =C S +K a C A C S +K T C T C S +K P C P C S +K M C M C Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with Friedel-Crafts catalysts, zeolites possess advantages such as easy separation, low corrosion and high surface area. They also possess a uniform microporous structure coupled with shape selectivity [4][5][6][7][8] and thus they are better acidic catalysts when applied in industry. The use of zeolite Ni-Y for tert-butylation of toluene has been published, but catalytic activity and para-selectivity to the desired 4-tert-butyltoluene was very low [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetic studies on the tert-butylation of toluene over H-BEA zeolite

Wang

Song

et al. 2016

Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism

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The highly selective synthesis of 4- tert-butyltoluene from toluene with tert-butyl alcohol over zeolite catalysts was performed in the liquid phase. The order of activity for alkylation over zeolite catalysts was as follows: H-BEA > H-Y > H-MOR > H-ZSM-5. The main reaction products observed were 4- tert-butyltoluene and 3- tert-butyltoluene. 2- tert-Butyltoluene was completely absent in the product. A kinetic study of the reaction of toluene with tert-butyl alcohol over pure H-BEA (Si/Al = 25) was performed. Experimental runs were conducted at 160, 170, 180 and 190 °C and reaction times of up to 240 min. Based on the results obtained, a simplified kinetic model was developed. The kinetics could be described by the pseudo first-order model.

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“…The overall rate of the reaction (r oi ) can be obtained by substituting Eqns (8) and (14) into Eqn (7)…”

Section: T =C S +K a C A C S +K T C T C S +K P C P C S +K M C M C Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic studies on the tert-butylation of toluene over H-BEA zeolite

Wang

Song

et al. 2016

Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism

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show abstract

“…For instance, in one study with four types of eight-membered ring molecular sieves with similar pore sizes, it was determined that selectivity for the methanol-to-olefin process could be varied by tuning the acidity of the solid: Whereas the more acidic UZM-5, -9, and -12 zeolites showed high initial activity and selectivity for the production of lower olefins (but also rapid deactivation), the less acidic SAPO-34 was the best for stabilizing multialkyl benzene intermediates. [232] [231] For the alkylation of biphenyl with propylene, dealuminated mordenite was shown to display the right pore size for the selective production of 4,4di-iso-propylbiphenyl.…”

Section: Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[231] For the alkylation of biphenyl with propylene, dealuminated mordenite was shown to display the right pore size for the selective production of 4,4di-iso-propylbiphenyl. [232]…”

Section: Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape‐Controlled Nanostructures in Heterogeneous Catalysis

2013

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Nanotechnologies have provided new methods for the preparation of nanomaterials with well-defined sizes and shapes, and many of those procedures have been recently implemented for applications in heterogeneous catalysis. The control of nanoparticle shape in particular offers the promise of a better definition of catalytic activity and selectivity through the optimization of the structure of the catalytic active site. This extension of new nanoparticle synthetic procedures to catalysis is in its early stages, but has shown some promising leads already. Here, we survey the major issues associated with this nanotechnology-catalysis synergy. First, we discuss new possibilities associated with distinguishing between the effects originating from nanoparticle size versus those originating from nanoparticle shape. Next, we survey the information available to date on the use of well-shaped metal and non-metal nanoparticles as active phases to control the surface atom ensembles that define the catalytic site in different catalytic applications. We follow with a brief review of the use of well-defined porous materials for the control of the shape of the space around that catalytic site. A specific example is provided to illustrate how new selective catalysts based on shape-defined nanoparticles can be designed from first principles by using fundamental mechanistic information on the reaction of interest obtained from surface-science experiments and quantum-mechanics calculations. Finally, we conclude with some thoughts on the state of the field in terms of the advances already made, the future potentials, and the possible limitations to be overcome.

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“…1,9,10 On the other hand, solid acid catalysts, mainly zeolite and zeolite-like molecular sieves, have shown immense potential for alkylation of aromatic compounds. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] For example, Sugi et al 12 demonstrated that acidic sites present in the internal and external frameworks of SAPO-5 played an important role in the selectivity of 4,4 0 -DIPB (4,4 0 -diisopropylbiphenyl) for isopropylation of biphenyl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%