Shape memory and mechanical characterization of polylactic acid wood composite fabricated by fused filament fabrication 4D printing technology

Abstract

The present study focuses on fabrication and characterization of polylactic acid wood composite fabricated using fused filament fabrication 4D printing technology. The major tests performed to investigate the effect of nanosilica and nanoalumina included shape recovery rate, hardness, compressive strength, dynamic mechanical properties and Thermo‐gravimetric analysis. The result of mechanical test indicated that the addition of 2 wt.% nanoalumina improved the hardness, compressive strength and flexural strength by 40 %, 25 % and 3.3 % respectively. On the other hand, the addition of 2 wt.% nanosilica improved the hardness, compressive strength and flexural strength by 60 %, 55 % and 10 % respectively. Further, the addition of nanosilica and nanoalumina improved the thermal stability and decreased the maximum shape recovery rate of wood polylactic acid composite. Nanosilica reinforced wood polylactic acid composite indicated a better choice as compared to nanoalumina reinforced wood polylactic acid composite in terms of mechanical properties, thermal properties and maximum shape recovery rate.

Human–Material Interaction Enabled by Fused Filament Fabrication 4D Printing

“…[ 162 ] The materials used in this context can change their size in response to variations in humidity. [ 163 ] By leveraging the absorption or release of water molecules, these materials can exploit evaporation and humidity gradients to perform a wide range of tasks. This characteristic becomes especially significant in addressing global energy challenges, promoting sustainable development, and mitigating environmental concerns such as greenhouse gas emissions.…”

A comprehensive review to find capabilities of 4D printing in implantable medical devices

“…For example, combining a shape-memory polymer with conductive materials can enable the fabrication of stimuli-responsive structures that can be remotely triggered or controlled. Composite materials can be tailored to meet the requirements of specific applications, including biomedical implants, soft robotics, and aerospace components [54][55][56][57].…”

A review of research and application of polylactic acid composites

“…Sharma et al 143 explored the effects of silica nanoparticles and alumina nanoparticles on composites using a fused filament fabrication 4D printing technique to fabricate PLA‐based WPC. The hardness tensile and flexural strengths of the composites were increased by 40%, 25% and 3.3% respectively with the addition of 2 wt% alumina nanoparticles.…”