Shape Directional Asymmetry in Hindlimb Pairs among Calves (Bos Taurus)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine paired asymmetries (right–left) in the autopods of bovine hindlimbs using geometric morphometry (GM). A total of 28 hindlimb right–left matched autopods belonging to healthy Brown Pyrenean calves were assessed. Dorsoplantar radiographs were obtained for each autopod. The bone shape was compared on right and left pairs by means of GM techniques, using a set of 15 landmarks. The results suggest that right and left distal limbs are, despite a perceived resemblance of symmetry, differently directionally developed in shape, with right hindlimbs tending to supinate (rotate outwards) and left hindlimbs tending to pronate (rotate inwards). This unevenness is probably related to the mediolateral forces’ contribution of each limb in carrying out the tasks of propulsion and control during walking, and/or a consequence of a laterality associated with a lateralized grazing posture. Our findings prompt a new reassessment of the function of each bovine hindlimb during standing and locomotion.