Shannon tree diversity is a surrogate for mineland rehabilitation status

Gastauer, Markus; Sarmento, Priscila Sanjuan de Medeiros; Caldeira, Cecílio Fróis; Castro, Arianne Flexa de; Ramos, Sílvio Júnio; Trevelin, Leonardo Carreira; Jaffé, Rodolfo; Rosa, Gilliana Almeida; Valadares, Rafael Borges da Silva; Oliveira, Guilherme; Filho, Pedro Walfir Martins Souza

doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108100

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The ERS is an integration of data on vegetation structure, plant community diversity and composition, and ecological processes (Gastauer et al, 2020, 2021). The ERS shows how much the evaluated areas resemble or differ from the vegetation attributes found in the native forest (Figure 6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combining approaches for environmental assessment of rehabilitated gold‐mining areas in the Eastern Amazon

Ramos,

de Oliveira,

Ribeiro

et al. 2024

Land Degrad Dev

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Monitoring key soil and vegetation attributes in mining areas under environmental rehabilitation is essential to ensure that the intervention techniques are effective. There are several approaches to monitoring mining areas and their integration is necessary to process large amounts of information. Thus, this study aimed to (i) assess soil multi‐contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTE) and human health risks; (ii) obtain a soil quality index with soil fertility data; (iii) calculate spectral index; (iv) show rehabilitation status based on vegetation attributes, and (v) compile these indices in a single measure. Four tailings' ponds (TPs), two waste piles (WPs), and an area of native forest from a gold mine in the Carajás National Forest were evaluated. Soil quality and vegetation cover are good in forest areas, with no evidence of PTE contamination. On the other hand, the TPs have poor fertility and vegetation cover, as well as higher levels of PTE. Human health risk indices obtained for all PTE were lower than 1, indicating a low risk to human health. The results of integrating the different indices suggest that the environmental conditions of the WPs are better than those of the TPs, which are still far from the environmental conditions of native areas. Soil attributes and vegetation development in TPs areas could be enhanced by the incorporation of organic materials and fertilizers and by planting species with phytoremediation potential. Finally, the integrative approach of the different indices proved to be useful in assessing the rehabilitation progress of the areas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The obtained distances were scaled between 0 and 1, where 0 corresponds to the average distance from all plots in areas with exposed soil to the reference plots, and 1 is the average distance between all reference plots. After, the average values for the different areas were calculated (Gastauer et al, 2020, 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining approaches for environmental assessment of rehabilitated gold‐mining areas in the Eastern Amazon

Ramos,

de Oliveira,

Ribeiro

et al. 2024

Land Degrad Dev

Self Cite

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“…La Rosa et al (2013) in a state-wide study on conservation and rehabilitation measures for landscape protection planning, as one of the metrics, Shannon index was used to measure diversity. Gastauer et al (2021) used the Shannon index as a measure of tree species diversity under the name of Tree Shannon diversity in their study on the determination of the rehabilitation status in mining areas. In the study, measurements were made by dividing the area into landscape units.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the Change of Natural Diversity at Landscape Level: The Case of Denizli Province of Türkiye

Doğan¹

2022

dnbgt

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Especially in recent years, with the increase of anthropogenic effect in land use, species diversity at the patch level is decreasing. As a result, biodiversity is decreasing, and species are in danger of extinction. Long-term conservation of biodiversity depends on the conservation of biodiversity elements at different natural levels, from the lowest scales (genetic and species) to landscapes. This study aims to reveal the changes in diversity in the Denizli province of Türkiye according to the years. The change at the landscape level of the diversity in natural and semi-natural areas in Denizli province between the years of 2000 and2018 was revealed with Shannon index using the CORINE Land Use/Land Cover data. The area was divided into zones to spatially determine the change in diversity. According to the analysis, diversity has decreased in zones 1 -11, 15, and 19. These areas are also the areas where the anthropogenic effect causes change. This study, which was carried out in Denizli province, is one of the pioneering studies in the literature in terms of both the spatial determination of diversity and revealing the change over the years. With this study, it is anticipated that the biological diversity of the Denizli province will be protected and transferred to future generations. It is important to determine the change of biodiversity at the landscape level over the years and the reasons for this change, as it is a guiding factor for the planning studies to be carried out.

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“…To complement the information on the diversity index, the richness resulting from the total number of species was also calculated for each plot. Richness and diversity are considered indicators of general biodiversity (Gastauer et al, 2021). All data were analyzed using the vegan (Oksanen et al, 2022) and BiodiversityR packages (Kindt, 2022) in R.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giants of the Amazon: How does environmental variation drive the diversity patterns of large trees?

de Lima,

Görgens,

da Silva

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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For more than three decades, major efforts in sampling and analyzing tree diversity in South America have focused almost exclusively on trees with stems of at least 10 and 2.5 cm diameter, showing highest species diversity in the wetter western and northern Amazon forests. By contrast, little attention has been paid to patterns and drivers of diversity in the largest canopy and emergent trees, which is surprising given these have dominant ecological functions. Here, we use a machine learning approach to quantify the importance of environmental factors and apply it to generate spatial predictions of the species diversity of all trees (dbh ≥ 10 cm) and for very large trees (dbh ≥ 70 cm) using data from 243 forest plots (108,450 trees and 2832 species) distributed across different forest types and biogeographic regions of the Brazilian Amazon. The diversity of large trees and of all trees was significantly associated with three environmental factors, but in contrasting ways across regions and forest types.Environmental variables associated with disturbances, for example, the lightning flash rate and wind speed, as well as the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation, tend to govern the diversity of large trees. Upland rainforests in the Guiana Shield and Roraima regions had a high diversity of large trees. By contrast, variables associated with resources tend to govern tree diversity in general. Places such as the province of Imeri and the northern portion of the province of Madeira stand out for their high diversity of species in general. Climatic and topographic stability and functional adaptation mechanisms promote ideal conditions for species diversity. Finally, we mapped general patterns of tree species diversity in the Brazilian Amazon, which differ substantially depending on size class.

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Shannon tree diversity is a surrogate for mineland rehabilitation status

Cited by 13 publications

References 64 publications

Combining approaches for environmental assessment of rehabilitated gold‐mining areas in the Eastern Amazon

Combining approaches for environmental assessment of rehabilitated gold‐mining areas in the Eastern Amazon

Determining the Change of Natural Diversity at Landscape Level: The Case of Denizli Province of Türkiye

Giants of the Amazon: How does environmental variation drive the diversity patterns of large trees?

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