Shallow slab fluid release across and along the Mariana arc‐basin system: Insights from geochemistry of serpentinized peridotites from the Mariana fore arc

Savov, Ivan P.; Ryan, Jeffrey G.; D’Antonio, Massimo; Fryer, Patricia

doi:10.1029/2006jb004749

Cited by 163 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(305 reference statements)

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“…No significant site-to-site or seamount-to-seamount variability was evident in these major elements or in the variations in Al 2 O 3 , which range from 0.1 to 1.7 wt% with a mean value of ≈0.6 wt% (Table T3). This range is similar to the ranges reported by Savov et al (2005aSavov et al ( , 2005bSavov et al ( , 2007 for serpentinized ultramafic clasts from Conical Seamount and for mudflow matrix and clasts from South Chamorro Seamount.…”

Section: Sediment and Rock Chemistrysupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Most Expedition 366 clasts fall in the residual mantle field, whereas mafic clasts are consistent with lavas formed from basaltic melts via varying degrees of fractional crystallization. Green fields reflect range of values from serpentinized ultramafic rocks collected on Conical and South Chamorro Seamounts and analyzed by Savov et al (2007). measured in samples from the summit of Asùt Tesoru Seamount, and comparatively low but significant levels were detected at Yinazao Seamount summit and flank sites.…”

Section: Interstitial Water Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 88%

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Mariana Convergent Margin and South Chamorro Seamount

Fryer¹,

Wheat²,

Williams³

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program

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Geologic processes at convergent plate margins control geochemical cycling, seismicity, and deep biosphere activity in subduction zones and suprasubduction zone lithosphere. International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 366 was designed to address the nature of these processes in the shallow to intermediate depth of the Mariana subduction channel. Although no technology is available to permit direct sampling of the subduction channel of an intraoceanic convergent margin at depths up to 19 km, the Mariana forearc region (between the trench and the active volcanic arc) provides a means to access materials from this zone.Active conduits, resulting from fractures in the forearc, are prompted by along-and across-strike extension that allows slab-derived fluids and materials to ascend to the seafloor along associated faults, resulting in the formation of serpentinite mud volcanoes. Serpentinite mud volcanoes of the Mariana forearc are the largest mud volcanoes on Earth. Their positions adjacent to or atop fault scarps on the forearc are likely related to the regional extension and vertical tectonic deformation in the forearc. Serpentinite mudflows at these volcanoes include serpentinized forearc mantle clasts, crustal and subducted Pacific plate materials, a matrix of serpentinite muds, and deep-sourced formation fluid. Mud volcanism on the Mariana forearc occurs within 100 km of the trench, representing a range of depths and temperatures to the downgoing plate and the subduction channel. These processes have likely been active for tens of millions of years at the Mariana forearc and for billions of years on Earth.At least 19 active serpentinite mud volcanoes have been located in the Mariana forearc. Two of these mud volcanoes are Conical and South Chamorro Seamounts, which are the farthest from the Mariana Trench at 86 and 78 km, respectively. Both seamounts were cored during Ocean Drilling Program Legs 125 and 195, respectively. Data from these two seamounts represent deeper, warmer examples of the continuum of slab-derived materials as the Pacific plate subducts, providing a snapshot of how slab subduction affects fluid release, the composition of ascending fluids, mantle hydration, and the metamorphic paragenesis of subducted oceanic lithosphere. Data from the study of these two mud volcanoes constrain the pressure, temperature, and composition of fluids and materials within the subduction channel at depths of up to 19 km. Understanding such processes is necessary for elucidating factors that control seismicity in convergent margins, tectonic and magma genesis processes in the volcanic arc and backarc areas, fluid and material fluxes, and the nature and variability of environmental conditions that impact subseafloor microbial communities.Expedition 366 focused on data collection from cores recovered from three serpentinite mud volcanoes that define a continuum of subduction-channel processes to compare with results from drilling at the two previously cored serpentinite mud volcanoes and with previously ...

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Section: Sediment and Rock Chemistrysupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Interstitial Water Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 88%

Mariana Convergent Margin and South Chamorro Seamount

Fryer¹,

Wheat²,

Williams³

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program

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“…Serpentinization results in the uptake of B into secondary minerals, as has been shown in field studies of serpentine, chlorite, and amphibole alteration phases that are enriched in B by several orders of magnitude relative to unaltered mantle (BONATTI et al, 1984;SAVOV et al, 2007;THOMPSON and MELSON, 1970), as well as in hydrothermal seawater-peridotite laboratory experiments (SEYFRIED and DIBBLE, 1980).…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Geochemistry of deep-sea hydrothermal vent fluids from the Mid-Cayman Rise, Caribbean Sea

McDermott¹

2015

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THESIS ABSTRACTThis thesis examines the controls on organic, inorganic, and volatile species distributions in hydrothermal fluids venting at Von Damm and Piccard, two recently discovered vent fields at the ultraslow spreading Mid-Cayman Rise, Earth's deepest mid-ocean ridge. A wide variety of possible temperatures and substrates for fluid/rock reaction exist at ultraslow spreading ridges. The flux of chemicals delivered to the ocean by circulating vent fluids exerts a major control on mass transfer into and out of the oceanic crust and supports chemosynthetic ecosystems. In Chapter 2, abiotic organic synthesis is shown to occur via two distinct mechanisms in the serpentinizing Von Damm system. Longstanding questions concerning the spatial, temporal, and mechanistic nature of carbon transformations in deep-sea hot springs are addressed. In contrast with the current paradigm, CH 4 is not actively forming during circulation of H 2 -rich vent fluids, but instead is derived from fluid inclusions in the host rocks. Chapters 3 and 4 present in-depth studies of the chemical and isotopic compositions of aqueous species in vent fluids at Von Damm and Piccard to elucidate the role of reaction temperature, pressure, substrate composition, and water/rock mass ratios during the chemical evolution of hydrothermal fluids at oceanic spreading centers. At Von Damm, sequential reaction of gabbroic and peridotite substrates at intermediate temperatures can explain generation of the observed fluids. Geochemical modeling shows that talc-quartz assemblage is expected to precipitate during fluid mixing with seawater at the seafloor. At Piccard, extremely high temperature subsurface water/rock reaction results in high temperature fluids that are richer in dissolved H 2 than any previously observed fluids worldwide. At both locations, high-H 2 conditions promote the abiotic reduction of ΣCO 2 to formate species, which may fuel a subsurface biosphere. In Chapter 5, multiple sulfur isotopes were measured on metal sulfide deposits, S 0 , and fluid H 2 S to constrain sulfur sources and the isotopic systematics of precipitation in a wide variety of seafloor hydrothermal vents. Areas studied include the eastern Manus Basin and Lau Basin back-arc spreading centers, the unsedimented basalt-hosted Southern East Pacific Rise, and the sediment-hosted Guaymas Basin mid-ocean ridge spreading centers. Limited isotope fractionation between fluid H 2 S and precipitating chalcopyrite implies that sulfur isotopes in a chimney lining may record past hydrothermal activity. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSFirst, I would like to thank my co-advisor, Jeff Seewald, whose limitless scientific creavitity and sunny outlook have been a continual source of encouragement throughout the 5 years of my doctoral education and research. Jeff's gift for simultaneously challenging and motivating me has taught me many lasting lessons. His limitless optimism and imagination have left permanent impressions on my approach to scientific research, and will not be far from mind when I mentor oth...

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“…1). The IBM is located along the eastern margin of the Philippine Sea Plate in the Western Pacific Ocean and formed due to the subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Philippine Sea Plate (11). The southern boundary is marked by the intersection of the IBM trench with the Palau-Kyushu Ridge at 11°N.…”

Section: Ibm Subduction Zone and Serpentinite Mud Volcanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subduction zone forearc serpentinites as incubators for deep microbial life

Plümper

Geisler

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Serpentinization-fueled systems in the cool, hydrated forearc mantle of subduction zones may provide an environment that supports deep chemolithoautotrophic life. Here, we examine serpentinite clasts expelled from mud volcanoes above the Izu-BoninMariana subduction zone forearc (Pacific Ocean) that contain complex organic matter and nanosized Ni-Fe alloys. Using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy, we determined that the organic matter consists of a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic compounds and functional groups such as amides. Although an abiotic or subduction slab-derived fluid origin cannot be excluded, the similarities between the molecular signatures identified in the clasts and those of bacteria-derived biopolymers from other serpentinizing systems hint at the possibility of deep microbial life within the forearc. To test this hypothesis, we coupled the currently known temperature limit for life, 122°C, with a heat conduction model that predicts a potential depth limit for life within the forearc at ∼10,000 m below the seafloor. This is deeper than the 122°C isotherm in known oceanic serpentinizing regions and an order of magnitude deeper than the downhole temperature at the serpentinized Atlantis Massif oceanic core complex, MidAtlantic Ridge. We suggest that the organic-rich serpentinites may be indicators for microbial life deep within or below the mud volcano. Thus, the hydrated forearc mantle may represent one of Earth's largest hidden microbial ecosystems. These types of protected ecosystems may have allowed the deep biosphere to thrive, despite violent phases during Earth's history such as the late heavy bombardment and global mass extinctions.deep biosphere | serpentinization | subduction zone | forearc

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Shallow slab fluid release across and along the Mariana arc‐basin system: Insights from geochemistry of serpentinized peridotites from the Mariana fore arc

Cited by 163 publications

References 89 publications

Mariana Convergent Margin and South Chamorro Seamount

Mariana Convergent Margin and South Chamorro Seamount

Geochemistry of deep-sea hydrothermal vent fluids from the Mid-Cayman Rise, Caribbean Sea

Subduction zone forearc serpentinites as incubators for deep microbial life

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