Sexuality and somatic incompatibility in<i>Phellinus gilvus</i>

Rizzo, David M.; Rentmeester, Rita M.; Burdsall, Harold H.

doi:10.1080/00275514.1995.12026602

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Fr. (Rizzo et al 1995b). In the latter cases, only one cycle of inbreeding among sib‐related spores could give rise to VCGs with nonclonal mycelia, and vegetative compatibility would therefore be incapable of distinguishing such genetically distinct individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity within and among vegetative compatibility groups of Stereum sanguinolentum determined by arbitrary primed PCR

Stenlid

Vasiliauskas

1998

Molecular Ecology

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Genetic variation within and among vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) of Stereum sanguinolentum isolates was investigated with various geographical distances. DNA fingerprints were made using the M13 core sequence as a primer. A total of 113 isolates from 12 plots in Sweden, Finland and Lithuania were studied. Each VCG produced a discrete group of banding patterns. Among 20 isolates from the largest VCG, G1, the incidence of identical banding patterns was 24% within a sample plot, 8% among sample plots within a country, and 0% among countries. In the other 15 VCGs that comprised two and more isolates, corresponding percentages were 42%, 30% and 0%. Average band‐sharing indices (ABSIs) within VCGs decreased with increasing geographical distance: for isolates from VCG G1, ABSI was 91.3% within sample plots, 85.4% among sample plots within a country, and 79.2% among countries. Corresponding figures for the other 15 VCGs were 97.0%, 92.7% and 80.4%, respectively. Among VCGs similarities were significantly lower (P < 0.001) and the trend of decreasing similarity with larger geographical distances was less pronounced: ABSI within sample plots was 73.7%, among sample plots within countries 73.8%, and among countries 71.1%. However, the similarity of populations as compared within and between countries differed significantly (P < 0.001), suggesting geographical differentiation between S. sanguinolentum populations separated by 400 km and the Baltic sea. Calculations of GST clearly indicated geographical population subdivision within the large VCG but not among the total sample. In summary, the results show population structure of inbred lines within VCGs containing closely related strains in local populations and more distant relationships among populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity within and among vegetative compatibility groups of Stereum sanguinolentum determined by arbitrary primed PCR

Stenlid

Vasiliauskas

1998

Molecular Ecology

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“…Although several of the multinucleate species have clamp connections in the heterokaryotic phase, e.g., Heterobasidion annosum, many multinucleate species lack clamp connections altogether or have clamp connections in both homokaryotic and heterokaryotic phases (10), making it difficult to distinguish homokaryons from heterokaryons. The mating systems of multinucleate fungi have been investigated using visual scoring of mycelial interactions or by pairing putative heterokaryons with the original homokaryotic isolates and scoring incompatibility reactions versus intermingling (50,71,79). Because the genetic basis for incompatibility is unknown in these studies, approaches directly examining genotypes rather than phenotypes would be advantageous because isolates may be somatically compatible but not mating compatible (9, 70).…”

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A Single Mating-Type Locus Composed of Homeodomain Genes Promotes Nuclear Migration and Heterokaryosis in the White-Rot Fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium

2011

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The white-rot basidiomycete fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Agaricomycetes) is a model species that produces potent wood-degrading enzymes. The mating system of the species has been difficult to characterize due to its cryptic fruiting habit and lack of clamp connections in the heterokaryotic phase. By exploiting the draft genome sequence, we reevaluated the mating system of P. chrysosporium by studying the inheritance and segregation of putative mating-type gene homologues, the homeodomain transcription factor genes (MAT-A) and the pheromone receptors (MAT-B). A pattern of mating incompatibility and fructification consistent with a bipolar system with a single MAT locus was observed, but the rejection response was much weaker than that seen in other agaricomycete species, leading to stable heterokaryons with identical MAT alleles. The homeodomain genes appear to comprise the single MAT locus because they are heterozygous in wild strains and hyperpolymorphic at the DNA sequence level and promote aspects of sexual reproduction, such as nuclear migration, heterokaryon stability, and basidiospore formation. The pheromone receptor loci that might constitute a MAT-B locus, as in many other Agaricomycetes, are not linked to the MAT-A locus and display low levels of polymorphism. This observation is inconsistent with a bipolar mating system that includes pheromones and pheromone receptors as mating-type determinants. The partial uncoupling of nuclear migration and mating incompatibility in this species may be predicted to lead to parasexual recombination and may have contributed to the homothallic behavior observed in previous studies.The mushroom-forming fungi, Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota), have a mating system in which compatible haploid mycelia (homokaryons) exchange nuclei to form mated mycelia (heterokaryons) that are comprised of cells with two compatible nuclear types (mating types). Once mated, heterokaryons function as genetic diploids, but the two nuclear types divide together in an unfused state until karyogamy occurs in the basidial cells of the fruiting body immediately prior to meiosis and spore formation. In the model mushroom species (e.g., Coprinopsis cinerea and Schizophyllum commune), heterokaryons are termed dikaryons because each cell contains exactly two nuclei, but in a large number of Agaricomycetes species (e.g., 20 to 30% of the nongilled forms [10]), the hyphal cells of heterokaryons are multinucleate. In these fungi (variously termed multinucleate, plurinucleate, or holocenocytic), each cell presumably contains both mating types but a variable number of nuclei per cell, for example, up to 12 nuclei per cell were observed in the termite symbiont Termitomyces (15) and as many as 69 per cell in Wolfiporia extensa (34).In dikaryotic fungi, differentiating homokaryotic from heterokaryotic phases is readily accomplished by observing the characteristic clamp connections or hook cells that function in the maintenance of the binucleate state (43). In contrast, species with multinucleate heterok...

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“…Owing to a limited number of loci and alleles coding for the vegetative incompatibility (Hansen, Stenlid & Johansson, 1993 ;Rizzo, Rentmeester & Burdsall, 1995), fungal VCGs do not necessarily represent clones, and in this case DNA fingerprinting can confirm whether VCGs correspond to clonal lineages (Anderson & Kohn, 1995). Although in wood destroying basidiomycetes that tend to form territorial clones, such as Phellinus weirii and Armillaria spp., DNA markers are not always consistent with the assignment of isolates to VCGs, the discrepancies are regarded as minor, since DNA patterns exhibited by the majority of compatible isolates are identical or nearly so (Bae, Hansen & Strauss, 1994 ;Guillaumin et al, 1996).…”

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Clonality and genetic variation in Amylostereum areolatum and A. chailletii from northern Europe

Vasiliauskas¹,

Stenlid

Thomsen³

1998

New Phytologist

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Genetic variation within and between vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) of Amylostereum areolatum (Fr.) Boid. and Amylostereum chailletii (Pers. : Fr.) Boid. isolates was investigated. DNA fingerprints were made using the M13 core sequence as a primer. A total of 53 isolates of A. areolatum and 57 isolates of A. chailletii from Lithuania, Sweden, Denmark and Great Britain were studied. In all cases isolates belonging to the same VCG showed identical DNA banding patterns, suggesting that VCGs correspond to clones. In A. areolatum the vast majority of the isolates (spread by Sirex juvencus L.) were assigned to dispersive clones, that have wide geographical distribution (i.e. the same genotypes were detected in Lithuania, Sweden and Denmark), with low genetic variation between the different clones. By contrast, A. chailletii population structure was consistent with the spread of airborne basidiospores produced by outcrossing. Only a small fraction of A. chailletii isolates studied, could be assigned to dispersal clones with a local distribution, spread by Urocerus gigas L. Overall, M13 fingerprinting detected low genetic differentiation in both species in the samples we studied.

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Sexuality and somatic incompatibility inPhellinus gilvus

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Genetic diversity within and among vegetative compatibility groups of Stereum sanguinolentum determined by arbitrary primed PCR

Genetic diversity within and among vegetative compatibility groups of Stereum sanguinolentum determined by arbitrary primed PCR

A Single Mating-Type Locus Composed of Homeodomain Genes Promotes Nuclear Migration and Heterokaryosis in the White-Rot Fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Clonality and genetic variation in Amylostereum areolatum and A. chailletii from northern Europe

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