Sexual violence and safety: the narratives of transwomen in online forums

Noack-Lundberg, Kyja; Liamputtong, Pranee; Marjadi, Brahmaputra; Ussher, Jane M.; Perz, Janette; Schmied, Virginia; Dune, Tinashe; Brook, Eloise

doi:10.1080/13691058.2019.1627420

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In some cases, a negative review is enough to put a sex worker out of business. In contrast, positive reviews can help build trust among clients that the sex worker is genuine and 'professional' (Sanders et al 2019;Noack-Lundberg et al 2020). Analysing a Brazilian online community over six years, Rocha, Liljeros, and Holme (2010) found that a good review is a predictor of the future popularity of the sex worker.…”

Section: Sex Work and Digital Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterising the structure of the largest online commercial sex network in the UK: observational study with implications for STI prevention

Giommoni

Berlusconi

Melendez‐Torres

2020

Culture, Health & Sexuality

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This study analyses large-scale online data to examine the characteristics of a national commercial sex network of off-street female sex workers and their male clients to identify implications for public health policy and practice. We collected sexual contact information from the largest online community dedicated to reviewing sex workers' services in the UK. We built the sexual network using reviews reported between January 2014 and December 2017. We then quantified network parameters using social network analysis measures. The network is composed of 6477 vertices with 59% of them concentrated in a giant component clustered around London and Milton Keynes. We found minimal disassortative mixing by degree between sex workers and their clients, and that a few clients and sex workers are highly connected whilst the majority only have one or few sexual contacts. Finally, our simulation models suggested that prevention strategies targeting both sex workers and clients with high centrality scores were the most effective in reducing network connectedness and average closeness centrality scores, thus limiting the transmission of STIs.

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Section: Sex Work and Digital Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterising the structure of the largest online commercial sex network in the UK: observational study with implications for STI prevention

Giommoni

Berlusconi

Melendez‐Torres

2020

Culture, Health & Sexuality

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“…Safety, identity, transitioning, discrimination and dysphoria were the key themes that identified. This paper focuses on the key themes of identity, transitioning, and dysphoria, while another paper is concerned with safety and discrimination [39].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…People may join forums or support groups to discuss their identities, and their identities are often shaped discursively through discussions with others. This includes debates and consensus around identity group boundaries and identity formation processes [38,39]. For example, in Cavalcante's study [38], his twenty-one year old interview participant asserts: "I did it all online", referring to her exploration of gender identity and transition.…”

Section: Online Forum and Gender Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trans people use online support groups to form friendships and connections with other transgender individuals [39,40]. Because transgender people are a minority and only make up a small percentage of the population, many people may have had limited contact with transgender communities, due to stigma, isolation or anxiety, and because transgender people are a minority and only make up a small percentage of the population [36,39]. According to an Australian research project [37], more transgender and gender diverse people were involved in online forums (62%) and online support groups (48%) than in face-to-face support groups (40%).…”

Section: Online Forum and Gender Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

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Embodying Transgender: An Analysis of Trans Women in Online Forums

Liamputtong

Noack-Lundberg

Dune

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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This paper discusses the way that trans women embody their transgender identity, focusing on identity questioning, gender dysphoria, clinical gatekeeping and medicalized narratives. Situated within the hermeneutics methodological approach, we adopted the unobtrusive research as our research method, where data was derived from online forums where trans women posted content about their perspectives and experiences of gender and gender transitioning. Thematic analysis method was used for data analysis. Our findings suggest that gender identity is embodied and socially negotiated. Many trans women were initially ambivalent about their transgender identity and some continued to question their desired identity throughout adulthood. When presenting to healthcare professionals many trans women reported being expected to adopt a ‘wrong body’ narrative in order to gain access to treatment and surgery for gender transitioning and affirmation. In doing so, trans women interact with significant others and health care providers, and face many challenges. These challenges must be understood so that trans women can perform self-determination practices as a way to achieve gender autonomy.

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“…Such norms may include aggression and violence towards others (particularly queer men, queer and straight women, and trans and gender diverse people), hypersexuality, stoicism, and risk-taking behaviours including substance abuse, unsafe sex, and high-risk physical activities (Mahalik et al, 2007 ; Miller et al, 2016 ). Other practices include sexually objectifying women, expressing sexual entitlements towards women and trans and gender diverse people (Flood, 2013 ; Noack-Lundberg et al, 2020 ; Richardson, 2010 ), and exhibiting an aggressive heterosexuality that centres/privileges penetration, the phallus, and male pleasure (Beasley, 2015 ). Due to the burden of having to demonstrate an aggressive heterosexuality, some cisgender heterosexual young men in Australia have reported a lack of recognition of their own refusals in sexual encounters or feeling pressured to perform sexually (e.g., Meenagh, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert Stakeholders’ Perspectives on How Cisgender Heterosexual Boys and Young Men Navigate Sex and Intimacy in Australia: A Case for “Heterosexual Intimacies” in Policy and Practice

2022

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Introduction Cisgender heterosexual boys and young men in Australia may experience or perpetuate a range of harms in their romantic and sexual encounters with women due to expectations that they adhere to problematic ideals and norms concerning masculinity and heterosexuality. This paper explores expert stakeholders’ perceptions on these key issues, and their broader implications for policy and practice. Methods Using inductive thematic analysis techniques, this paper draws on semi-structured interviews from 23 expert stakeholders working across sectors of gendered violence prevention, sexual health, relationships and sexuality education, sport, and emotional and physical wellbeing. Results Findings note several key concerns, including (1) hesitation and lack of adequate information regarding relationships with women; (2) the potential negative influence of pornography; (3) the lack of opportunities to be engaged in sexual health promotion initiatives; and (4) limited opportunities to have meaningful conversations about dating, sex, and intimacy. Conclusions Expert stakeholders note several important gaps in policy and practice that need to be addressed to better support cisgender heterosexual boys and young men, and to confront gendered violence and sexual violence. Social and Policy Implications Understanding these gaps is vital for policymakers, content and program creators, and service providers working with cisgender heterosexual boys and men. We advocate for thinking about a strategy that is centred around “heterosexual intimacies”, in which addressing boys and young men’s sexual health and wellbeing is brought together with gendered violence prevention and sexual violence prevention initiatives.

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Sexual violence and safety: the narratives of transwomen in online forums

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Characterising the structure of the largest online commercial sex network in the UK: observational study with implications for STI prevention

Characterising the structure of the largest online commercial sex network in the UK: observational study with implications for STI prevention

Embodying Transgender: An Analysis of Trans Women in Online Forums

Expert Stakeholders’ Perspectives on How Cisgender Heterosexual Boys and Young Men Navigate Sex and Intimacy in Australia: A Case for “Heterosexual Intimacies” in Policy and Practice

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