Sexual Selection and Immune Function in Drosophila Melanogaster

McKean, Kurt A.; Nunney, Leonard

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00286.x

Cited by 44 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…Although many fitness components have been shown to have high levels of additive genetic variance, when scaled to reflect their large residual components (Houle 1992), fitness components are often negatively correlated (Falconer and Mackay 1996;Brooks 2000;Chippindale et al 2001) and may be subject to antagonistic selection arising through either direct (Godin and McDonough 2003) or pleiotropic (Hunt et al 2004;McKean and Nunney 2008) effects of underlying alleles on other fitness components. Antagonistic selection may maintain additive genetic variance in fitness components, but additive genetic variance in net fitness can still be close to zero (Charlesworth and Hughes 2000;Walsh and Blows 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominance Genetic Variance for Traits Under Directional Selection inDrosophila serrata

Sztepanacz

Blows

2015

Genetics

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In contrast to our growing understanding of patterns of additive genetic variance in single-and multi-trait combinations, the relative contribution of nonadditive genetic variance, particularly dominance variance, to multivariate phenotypes is largely unknown. While mechanisms for the evolution of dominance genetic variance have been, and to some degree remain, subject to debate, the pervasiveness of dominance is widely recognized and may play a key role in several evolutionary processes. Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that the contribution of dominance variance to phenotypic variance may increase with the correlation between a trait and fitness; however, direct tests of this hypothesis are few. Using a multigenerational breeding design in an unmanipulated population of Drosophila serrata, we estimated additive and dominance genetic covariance matrices for multivariate wing-shape phenotypes, together with a comprehensive measure of fitness, to determine whether there is an association between directional selection and dominance variance. Fitness, a trait unequivocally under directional selection, had no detectable additive genetic variance, but significant dominance genetic variance contributing 32% of the phenotypic variance. For single and multivariate morphological traits, however, no relationship was observed between trait-fitness correlations and dominance variance. A similar proportion of additive and dominance variance was found to contribute to phenotypic variance for single traits, and double the amount of additive compared to dominance variance was found for the multivariate trait combination under directional selection. These data suggest that for many fitness components a positive association between directional selection and dominance genetic variance may not be expected.KEYWORDS genetic variance; animal model; dominance; fitness C HARACTERIZING the genetic basis of phenotypes and the form and resulting consequences of selection on these phenotypes is a major goal of evolutionary biology. Substantial effort has been devoted to estimating additive genetic variance in metric traits and fitness components (Falconer and Mackay 1996;Lynch and Walsh 1998), establishing that the majority of metric traits have additive genetic variance and a heritability in the range of 0.2-0.6 (Lynch and Walsh 1998). More recently, the necessity of examining multivariate patterns of additive genetic variance and selection has been emphasized (Walsh and Blows 2009) and shown to influence the multivariate response to selection in laboratory (e.g., McGuigan and Blows 2009;Hine et al. 2014) and natural populations (Clements et al. 2011;Morrissey et al. 2012). In particular, additive genetic variance in all single traits often does not equate to genetic variance in all multivariate trait combinations (Hine and Blows 2006;Blows 2007;Walsh and Blows 2009), and a response to selection in trait combinations with low levels of additive genetic variance may be stochastic in nature .In contrast to our growing und...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominance Genetic Variance for Traits Under Directional Selection inDrosophila serrata

Sztepanacz

Blows

2015

Genetics

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“…Twenty four hours before testing, males whose development occurred at different temperatures were marked with fluorescent powder (red and green), to make them readily distinguishable under ultraviolet light. Fluorescent dust has been the most commonly used marking method in Drosophila: it has no observable effects on survival (Crumpacker, 1974), does not harm or alter behaviour (McKean & Nunney, 2008), and can be used as a convenient marker in studies of differential mating success (Terzić et al, 1994). The dusts applied were rotated between replicates.…”

Section: Mating Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental temperature, body size and male mating success in fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Pavković-Lučić¹,

Kekić²

2013

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Body size is one of the most investigated traits in studies of sexual selection in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila. In D. melanogaster, size has often been correlated with male mating success, i.e. larger males were more successful in achieving copulations both in laboratory and field conditions. In the present paper, we investigated if male body size is a sexually selected trait in competitive conditions, when full-sibs that developed at two different temperatures (18 and 25°C) competed for females. Males developed at a lower temperature were significantly larger than those reared at a higher temperature, but they were not more successful in mating. We conclude that when body size is significantly induced by temperature variability, it is not correlated with male mating success.

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“…Despite no significant difference in body size between flies from unselected control populations and those from experimental populations, flies in the latter group had higher mating success (by achieving more matings in direct competition with males from a tester stock and by mating more rapidly) than did flies from the former group (Rolff and Kraaijeveld 2003). The second relevant study by McKean and Nunney (2008) took a different selective approach by creating experimental populations that experienced greater levels of sexual selection (by artificially creating male-biased sex ratios in every generation of culture). They found that relative to flies from the control populations, experimental flies were larger, Guncay et al more slowly, and males were more successful at obtaining matings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, these various experiments suggest that the components of life history (mating success, body size, immunocompetence, and development rate) are linked. However, the magnitude and sign of these relationships remain unclear, as together these studies indicate that selection for increased male attractiveness may cause decreased immunocompetence (McKean and Nunney 2008), selection for increased immunocompetence may lead to increased male attractiveness (Rolff and Kraaijeveld 2003), and that decreased immunocompetence is correlated with a increased development rate and smaller body size (Modak et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-generational effects of male reproductive success and offspring immunocompetence inDrosophila melanogaster

Guncay

Balasubramaniam

Plagens

et al. 2017

FACETS

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In some species where males make no direct contribution to a female's lifetime reproductive success, females choose mates based on the indirect benefits manifested in their offspring. One trait that may be subject to this sexual selection is immunocompetence (the ability to mount an immune response following exposure to pathogens); however, the results of previous work on its link to male attractiveness have been ambiguous. Herein we examine the life history consequences of mating with males with a history of failure or success in reproductive competitions in Drosophila melanogaster. By examining egg-to-adult survival, body weights, and bacterial loads of offspring reared in either the absence or presence of a bacterial pathogen, we were able to examine whether sire reproductive success was associated with their offsprings' ability to respond to an immunological challenge and other life history traits. Our results are partially consistent with the predictions of the "immunocompetence handicap hypothesis": competitively successful males ("studs") sire male offspring that are better able to handle an immunological challenge than those sired by competitively unsuccessful males ("duds"). However, our assay also revealed the opposite pattern in female offspring, suggestive of the complicating presence of alleles with sexually antagonistic effects on the expression of this important life history trait.

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Sexual Selection and Immune Function in Drosophila Melanogaster

Cited by 44 publications

References 74 publications

Dominance Genetic Variance for Traits Under Directional Selection inDrosophila serrata

Dominance Genetic Variance for Traits Under Directional Selection inDrosophila serrata

Developmental temperature, body size and male mating success in fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Cross-generational effects of male reproductive success and offspring immunocompetence inDrosophila melanogaster

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