Dominance Genetic Variance for Traits Under Directional Selection in<i>Drosophila serrata</i>

Sztepanacz, Jacqueline L.; Blows, Mark W.

doi:10.1534/genetics.115.175489

Cited by 22 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…These results suggest that wing‐shape should be able to respond to selection in any direction in both sexes. They are consistent with an analysis of this population that found significant genetic variation in all directions of phenotype space when the male and female data were pooled (Houle and Meyer ), and with wing‐shape analyses of male Drosophila serrata (Sztepanacz and Blows ). We compared the fit of the model that estimated G m to the fit of a model where the (co)variances of G m were constrained to equal the best estimate of G f , to determine whether G m and G f differed statistically from each other.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Cross‐sex genetic covariances limit the evolvability of wing‐shape within and among species of Drosophila

Sztepanacz

Houle

2019

Evolution

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The independent evolution of males and females is potentially constrained by both sexes inheriting the same alleles from their parents. This genetic constraint can limit the evolvability of complex traits; however, there are few studies of multivariate evolution that incorporate cross‐sex genetic covariances in their predictions. Drosophila wing‐shape has emerged as a model high‐dimensional phenotype; wing‐shape is highly evolvable in contemporary populations, and yet perplexingly stable across phylogenetic timescales. Here, we show that cross‐sex covariances in Drosophila melanogaster, given by the B‐matrix, may considerably bias wing‐shape evolution. Using random skewers, we show that B would constrain the response to antagonistic selection by 90%, on average, but would double the response to concordant selection. Both cross‐sex within‐trait and cross‐sex cross‐trait covariances determined the predicted response to antagonistic selection, but only cross‐sex within‐trait covariances facilitated the predicted response to concordant selection. Similar patterns were observed in the direction of extant sexual dimorphism in D. melanogaster, and in directions of most and least dimorphic variation across the Drosophila phylogeny. Our results highlight the importance of considering between‐sex genetic covariances when making predictions about evolution on both macro‐ and microevolutionary timescales, and may provide one more explanatory piece in the puzzle of stasis.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Cross‐sex genetic covariances limit the evolvability of wing‐shape within and among species of Drosophila

Sztepanacz

Houle

2019

Evolution

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“…Indeed, nonadditive genetic effects have been shown to contribute significantly to population differentiation in various aspects of life history and morphology (Roff & Emerson, 2006). In contrast, their contribution to traits of evolutionary interest, and fitness especially, within natural populations remains poorly understood (Sztepanacz & Blows, 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The other 96%: Can neglected sources of fitness variation offer new insights into adaptation to global change?

Chirgwin

Marshall

Sgrò

et al. 2016

Evolutionary Applications

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Mounting research considers whether populations may adapt to global change based on additive genetic variance in fitness. Yet selection acts on phenotypes, not additive genetic variance alone, meaning that persistence and evolutionary potential in the near term, at least, may be influenced by other sources of fitness variation, including nonadditive genetic and maternal environmental effects. The fitness consequences of these effects, and their environmental sensitivity, are largely unknown. Here, applying a quantitative genetic breeding design to an ecologically important marine tubeworm, we examined nonadditive genetic and maternal environmental effects on fitness (larval survival) across three thermal environments. We found that these effects are nontrivial and environment dependent, explaining at least 44% of all parentally derived effects on survival at any temperature and 96% of parental effects at the most stressful temperature. Unlike maternal environmental effects, which manifested at the latter temperature only, nonadditive genetic effects were consistently significant and covaried positively across temperatures (i.e., parental combinations that enhanced survival at one temperature also enhanced survival at elevated temperatures). Thus, while nonadditive genetic and maternal environmental effects have long been neglected because their evolutionary consequences are complex, unpredictable, or seen as transient, we argue that they warrant further attention in a rapidly warming world.

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“…Variation in larval density among vials could potentially affect the phenotypic variance within families, and if density is largely determined by genetic variance in fitness, then this genetic variance in fitness can have a causal effect on phenotypic variance in wing phenotypes. A previous analysis of these wing data provides no evidence that common environment is an important component of the genetic variance in wings (Sztepanacz and Blows 2015), but the effect of common environment on micro-environmental variance is unknown. In total, we analyzed one wing from each of 5040 individuals in 685 families, and fitness from 2883 individuals in 666 families (Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The experimental design, based on a large, laboratory-adapted population of D. serrata housed under standard conditions at 25° (Hine et al 2014), is described in detail in Sztepanacz and Blows (2015). Briefly, the first generation employed a paternal-half-sibling breeding design, where 75 sires were each mated to three virgin dams (total of 225 dams).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially, a common environment effect was included in the model to account for full siblings being reared in the same vial. However, common environment explained ,1% of the variance in wing shape and did not differ significantly from zero for any of the traits analyzed, therefore this effect was excluded from these analyses (Sztepanacz and Blows 2015). Statistical support for the additive and dominance genetic variance in each trait was assessed by using a log-likelihood ratio test with one degree of freedom, comparing the fit of a model that included vs. excluded the variance component of interest.…”

Section: Genetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Heritable Micro-environmental Variance Covaries with Fitness in an Outbred Population of Drosophila serrata

2017

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The genetic basis of stochastic variation within a defined environment, and the consequences of such micro-environmental variance for fitness are poorly understood . Using a multigenerational breeding design in , we demonstrated that the micro-environmental variance in a set of morphological wing traits in a randomly mating population had significant additive genetic variance in most single wing traits. Although heritability was generally low (<1%), coefficients of additive genetic variance were of a magnitude typical of other morphological traits, indicating that the micro-environmental variance is an evolvable trait. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that the micro-environmental variance in wings was genetically correlated among single traits, indicating that common mechanisms of environmental buffering exist for this functionally related set of traits. In addition, through the dominance genetic covariance between the major axes of micro-environmental variance and fitness, we demonstrated that micro-environmental variance shares a genetic basis with fitness, and that the pattern of selection is suggestive of variance-reducing selection acting on micro-environmental variance.

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Dominance Genetic Variance for Traits Under Directional Selection inDrosophila serrata

Cited by 22 publications

References 91 publications

Cross‐sex genetic covariances limit the evolvability of wing‐shape within and among species of Drosophila

Cross‐sex genetic covariances limit the evolvability of wing‐shape within and among species of Drosophila

The other 96%: Can neglected sources of fitness variation offer new insights into adaptation to global change?

Heritable Micro-environmental Variance Covaries with Fitness in an Outbred Population of Drosophila serrata

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