Sexual responses to consenting and forced sex in a large sample of rapists and nonrapists

Baxter, D.; Barbaree, Howard E.; Marshall, William L.

doi:10.1016/0005-7967(86)90031-8

Cited by 115 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Rapists' erectile responses tended to diminish when exposed to more violent stories. The same pattern of diminished respondingasafunctionofincreasinglevelofviolencewasobserved in a subsequent study (Baxter, Barbaree, & Marshall, 1986), but, in two other studies, rapists did not discriminate among the different rape stories (Looman, 2000;Seto & Barbaree,1993).Other potentially important aspects of the rape stories (amount of sexual activity described, degree of reluctance on the part of the victim) also varied along with degree of violence in the stories used in these studies.…”

Section: Critical Cues In Rape Storiessupporting

confidence: 51%

Explaining the Erectile Responses of Rapists to Rape Stories: The Contributions of Sexual Activity, Non-Consent, and Violence with Injury

et al. 2012

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In phallometric research, rapists have a unique pattern of erectile responses to stimuli depicting sexual activities involving coercion and violence. In this study, we attempted to determine the cues that control rapists' erectile responses to rape stories in the laboratory. A total of 12 rapists and 14 non-rapists were exposed to recorded audio scenarios that systematically varied with regard to the presence or absence of three orthogonally varied elements: sexual activity and nudity, violence and injury, and expression of non-consent. As expected from prior research, an index computed by subtracting participants' greatest mean responses to stories describing mutually consenting sexual activity from their greatest mean responses to stories describing rape was much higher among rapists than non-rapists. Both groups showed larger responses when stories involved sexual activity and nudity, but neither group exhibited a preference for cues of violence and serious injury, or for cues of non-consent. The element that produced the larger group difference, however, was the presence or absence of active consent. The results indicated that a sexual interest in (or indifference to) non-consent is at least as central to accounting for the unique sexual orientation of rapists as is sexual responding to violence and injury.

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Section: Critical Cues In Rape Storiessupporting

confidence: 51%

Explaining the Erectile Responses of Rapists to Rape Stories: The Contributions of Sexual Activity, Non-Consent, and Violence with Injury

et al. 2012

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“…Although small-sample, early studies supported the idea that rapists have deviant sexual arousal (e.g. Abel et al, 1977;Barbaree et al, 1979;Quinsey et al, 1984), later research using larger samples has not supported the view that rapists differ from other men in terms of their relative arousal to rape and consenting sex (Murphy et al, 1984;Baxter et al, 1986;Wormith et al, 1988;Hall, 1989).…”

Section: Deviant Sexual Arousalmentioning

confidence: 93%

Current issues in the assessment and treatment of sexual offenders

Marshall

Serran

2000

Clin. Psychol. Psychother.

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The present paper reviews what is currently known about sexual abuse and the treatment of the offenders. Sexual offending is primarily committed by males and as many as 50% of females and 33% of males are sexually victimized in some way during their life. While some of these acts involve minimally intrusive behaviours (e.g. exhibitionists), many involve forced vaginal or anal intercourse and varying degrees of associated physical violence and deliberate humiliation of the victim. The effects on the victim can be severe and long-lasting. Current theories of the aetiology of these behaviours incorporate biological and developmental factors occurring within a socio-cultural context that fails to discourage sexual abuse. Experience is said to create a vulnerability that in some men finds expression in sexually abusive behaviour. Appropriate assessment targets the issues that are addressed in treatment, including: cognitive distortions, sexual behaviours and attitudes, social functioning and substance abuse. In addition, treatment also attempts to generate a set of relapse prevention plans for each offender. NATURE AND PREVALENCE OF THE OFFENCESSexual offences include a variety of behaviours, such as exhibitionism, frotteurism, voyeurism, child molestation, and sexual assault. This article will be restricted to child molestation (both extrafamilial and incest) and sexual assault of women. Although women (Matthews, 1998) and children (Johnson, 1998) also commit sexual offences, males constitute the majority of offenders and will be the focus of this article.

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“…They then compared their rapists with the rapists in Quinsey et al (again, not using the same version of the stimulus set). In the correction, Looman (2006) reported that the differences were, in fact, significant, such that Looman and Marshall's rapists were more deviant than the non-rapists, although less deviant than the rapists in Quinsey et al 1 Looman and Marshall (2005) then compared their rapists with rapists and "nonsexual offenders" from Baxter et al (1986) using the Barbaree et al (1979) stimulus set. The term non-sexual offenders is again misleading here because, unlike Quinsey et al (1981), Baxter et al used undergraduate students as a comparison group, not a group of offenders with nonsexual offenses.…”

Section: The Looman and Marshall (2005) Studymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The t values in Table 2 (p. 377) are unsigned, making it difficult for readers to interpret the meaning of the scores. The second analysis involved a comparison, using the proportional rape index only, of rapists from this study and "nonsexual offenders" (p. 378) from Quinsey et al (1981) and Baxter, Barbaree, and Marshall (1986) based on the means and standard deviations reported in these studies. There were in fact no standard deviations reported in Quinsey et al We suspect that Looman and Marshall (2005) used the mean and standard deviation reported by Lalumière and Quinsey (1994) in their meta-analysis.…”

Section: The Looman and Marshall (2005) Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Validity of Phallometric Assessment With Rapists: Comments on Looman & Marshall (2005)

Lalumière¹,

Rice²

2007

Sex Abuse

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In a recent article Looman and Marshall (2005) questioned the validity of phallometric assessment of rapists based on the results of a study of incarcerated rapists and child molesters. In this commentary we offer (1) a critique of the methods used and conclusions reached by Looman and Marshall and (2) a discussion of important methodological issues relevant to phallometry. We conclude that the correct inference from Looman and Marshall's study is that rapists, as a group, show a pattern of sexual arousal to audiotaped scenarios of coercive and non-coercive sex that significantly differs from the pattern of groups of non-sex offenders, in agreement with the general literature on this question.

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Sexual responses to consenting and forced sex in a large sample of rapists and nonrapists

Cited by 115 publications

References 19 publications

Explaining the Erectile Responses of Rapists to Rape Stories: The Contributions of Sexual Activity, Non-Consent, and Violence with Injury

Explaining the Erectile Responses of Rapists to Rape Stories: The Contributions of Sexual Activity, Non-Consent, and Violence with Injury

Current issues in the assessment and treatment of sexual offenders

The Validity of Phallometric Assessment With Rapists: Comments on Looman & Marshall (2005)

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