Sexual Maturation, Social Class, and the Desire to Be Thin Among Adolescent Females

Dornbusch, Sanford M.; Carlsmith, J. Merrill; Duncan, Paula M.; Gross, Ruth T.; Martin, John Levi; Ritter, Philip L.; Siegel-Gorelick, Bryna

doi:10.1097/00004703-198412000-00004

Cited by 92 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…Pour ces derniers, ces changements sont synonymes de masculinité, alors que pour les filles, ils signifient la perte de l'image corporelle sans rondeurs idéalisée dans notre société, en plus des malaises physiques associés à l'arrivée des menstruations ainsi que le stress associé au début d'une vie sexuelle active. Dans une étude portant sur les effets différentiels du niveau de maturation sexuelle des adolescentes sur leur perception de leur développement physique, Dornbusch et al (1984) trouvent qu'une proportion grandissante de filles désirent devenir minces suivant le degré de maturation pubertaire. Après leur maturation physique, c'est dans des proportions de 54 à 74%, selon leur provenance socioéconomique, que les adolescentes désirent devenir plus minces.…”

Section: La Dépression à L'adolescenceunclassified

L’influence du style parental, de la dépression et des troubles du comportement sur le risque d’abandon scolaire

Marcotte

Fortin

Royer

et al. 2005

rse

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Dans cette étude, l’association entre les dimensions du style parental démocratique et la présence de symptômes de dépression et de troubles du comportement est examinée chez des adolescents de milieu scolaire en regard du sexe. Ensuite, l’association entre ces problématiques et le risque d’abandon scolaire est évaluée. Un échantillon de 761 élèves, âgés de 11 à 15 ans de trois régions du Québec, ont complété les mesures lors de cours ordinaires. Les résultats confirment que la dépression caractérise davantage les filles alors que les troubles du comportement sont davantage présents chez les garçons. Même s’il est lié à ces deux problématiques, le risque d’abandon scolaire se rattache plus aux symptômes de dépression que les troubles du comportement. Le faible engagement parental prédit la présence de symptômes dépressifs, alors qu’un faible encouragement à l’autonomie et un faible engagement parental prédisent les troubles du comportement chez les garçons.This study examines the association between a democratic parental style and the presence of both depression symptoms and behaviour problems in adolescents in school. The association between these measures, gender, and risk for school dropout is examined. A study of 761 students, aged 11 to 15 years, from three Quebec regions responded to various measures during class time. The results confirm that depression is present most often in girls, whereas behaviour problems were most often noted for boys. Although these factors were associated with risk for school dropout, this risk is more strongly predicted by depression symptoms than by behaviour problems. The authors found that weak parental commitment could be used to predict the presence of depression symptoms, while little parental encouragement for autonomy and weak commitment could be used to predict behaviour problems in boys.En este estudio se examina la asociación entre el estilo parental democrático y la presencia de síntomas de depresión y de problemas de conducta según sexo de alumnos adolescentes. Luego son evaluadas la relaciones entre estas problemáticas y el riesgo de abandono escolar. Para ello, se han realizado evaluaciones en cursos regulares sobre una muestra de 761 alumnos de 11 a 15 años de tres regiones del Quebec. Los resultados confirman que la depresión es mas frecuente en las niñas mientras que los problemas de comportamiento son mas frecuentes en los varones. Mismo si asociado a esas dos problemáticas, el riesgo de abandono escolar es mas predecible por los síntomas de depresión que por los problemas de comportamiento. Un pobre compromiso parental indica la presencia de síntomas depresivos, mientas que poco estímulo a la autonomía combinado con poco compromiso parental predicen problemas de conducta en los varones.In dieser Studie wird der Zusammenhang zwischen einem demokratischen Erziehungsstil der Eltern und Depressionssymptomen sowie Verhaltensstörungen bei Jugendlichen im Schulmilieu auf geschlechtsspezifischer Grundlage untersucht. Außerdem wird erörtert, in wieweit diese Problemati...

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Section: La Dépression à L'adolescenceunclassified

L’influence du style parental, de la dépression et des troubles du comportement sur le risque d’abandon scolaire

Marcotte

Fortin

Royer

et al. 2005

rse

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“…This particular sample is of interest because research suggests that White girls from middle-and upper class families are more likely to identify with the "thin ideal" and are at greater risk of body dissatisfaction, weight concerns, and dieting compared with boys and girls from other ethnic and socioeconomic groups (Collins, 1991;Dornbusch et al, 1984;Parker et al, 1995; S. H. Thompson, Corwin, & Sargent, 1997;Wardle & Marsland, 1990). In addition, research indicates that in comparison to boys, girls are more likely to derive their sense of self from their physical appearance (Harter, 1998), parents are more critical of girls' weight status (Pierce & Wardle, 1993), and girls are more influenced by parental approval or criticism of their physical appearance (Baker, Whisman, & Brownell, 2000;Eskilson & Wiley, 1987).…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Processes linking weight status and self-concept among girls from ages 5 to 7 years.

Davison¹,

Birch²

2002

Developmental Psychology

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This study assessed the relationship between girls' weight status and self-concept and examined peer teasing and parent criticism as potential mediators of this relationship. Data were collected for 182 girls and their parents when the girls were 5 and 7 years old. At each age, girls' body mass index, self-concept, peer weight-related teasing (child report), and parents' criticism of girls' weight status (spouse report) were assessed. At ages 5 and 7, girls who were more overweight reported lower selfconcept. Peer teasing and parent criticism mediated the relationship between weight status and selfconcept at age 7, but not at age 5. In addition, the duration and timing of parent criticism across ages 5 and 7 mediated the association between girls' weight status at age 5 and perceived peer acceptance at age 7.In the past two decades, a twofold increase has been reported in rates of overweight and obesity among U.S. children (Troiano & Flegal, 1998). Today, 25% of U.S. children aged 6 to 17 years are obese or at risk of obesity (i.e., overweight). Overweight children and adolescents report negative self-evaluations in comparison to their nonoverweight peers (e.g., Banis et al., 1988;Braet, Mervielde, & Vandereycken, 1997;Kaplan & Wadden, 1986;Mendelson & White, 1985), potentially reflecting negative stereotypes held by both adults and children toward obesity (Brylinsky & Moore, 1994;Lerner & Korn, 1972;Maddox, Back, & Liederman, 1968;Richardson, Goodman, Hastorf, & Dornbusch, 1961; Wardle, Volz, & Golding, 1995). Although numerous studies have assessed the simple relationship between weight status and self-concept among children, research has seldom assessed processes linking weight status and self-concept; likewise, no research has assessed how such processes change with age. In this study we assessed (a) the relationship between weight status and self-concept in a longitudinal sample of girls when they were 5 and 7 years old and (b) whether parental criticism and peer teasing mediate the relationship between weight status and self-concept. Children's Weight Status and Self-ConceptSelf-concept is multidimensional in nature, incorporating components such as the global self (or self-esteem), the physical-appearance self (or body esteem/satisfaction), the athletic self, the social self, and the academic self (Marsh, 1990). Among school-aged children and adolescents, concurrent associations have been found between childhood overweight and low global self-concept (Banis et al., 1988;Braet et al., 1997;Kaplan & Wadden, 1986;Kimm, Sweeney, Janosky, & MacMillan, 1991;Pierce & Wardle, 1993;Sallade, 1973;C. C. Strauss, Smith, Frame, & Forehand, 1985), low athletic self-concept (Braet et al., 1997;Phillips & Hill, 1998), and low physical-appearance self-concept, or low body esteem (Hill, Draper, & Stack, Mendelson & White, 1982Mendelson, White, & Mendelson, 1996;Phillips & Hill, 1998;Pierce & Wardle, 1993). In addition, obesity preceding adolescence has been associated with lower global self-concept during adol...

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“…The prevalence of dieting in adolescents, particularly girls, is high (Sobal & Stunkard, 1989;Prescott-Clarke & Primatesta, 1998b), and data from the USA indicate that the relationship observed with SES in women may already be present in teenage girls, with those from higher-SES groups dieting more than those from lower-SES groups (Rosen & Gross, 1987). Another study reported the desire to be thin among adolescent girls was greater among those from higher-income families, although there was little variation with family income among boys (Dornbusch et al 1984). Rosenbaum (1979) found that in adolescence girls were already extremely aware that attractiveness in women is highly valued by society, and equated thinness with attractiveness.…”

Section: Long-term Effect Of Early Environment?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional and other influences in childhood as predictors of adult obesity

Power¹,

Parsons²

2000

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

105

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It has been proposed that there are critical periods during childhood that influence the development of obesity, including gestation and early infancy, the period of adiposity rebound that occurs between ages 5 and 7 years, and adolescence. Despite an extensive literature, there is to date only modest evidence for most of the factors such as nutrition, physical activity and other behavioural factors that are suspected as playing a role in the development of obesity. A recent review of this evidence (Parsons et al. 1999) showed, however, a consistent relationship between socio-economic status (SES) of origin and adult obesity, whereby those from lower SES backgrounds were fatter subsequently in adulthood. This association appeared to apply to both men and women, a finding that contrasts with the trends observed in cross-sectional studies, of an association with SES for women only. There are several potential explanations for the SES of origin-adult obesity relationship. SES of origin may be confounded by parental body size; studies to date provide insufficient evidence of an independent association with SES after allowing for parental body size. Alternatively, environment in early life (for which SES of origin is a proxy measure) may have a long-term impact on obesity later in adulthood, through one or more of several processes. Three major potential explanations can be identified: (1) nutrition in infancy and childhood, either over-or undernutrition, followed subsequently by overnutrition; (2) psychological factors, possibly involving emotional deprivation in childhood; (3) cultural or social norms regarding dietary restraint and attitudes to fatness that may be acquired during childhood.Obesity: Socio-economic status: Longitudinal studies: Behaviour SES, socio-economic status.Increasingly, we are appreciating that risk factors occurring in adult life provide insufficient explanation for adult health outcomes, and that factors occurring at different life stages need to be considered. To some extent this life-course approach is better established in obesity research than in other areas, but even here the role of childhood factors is not well understood. Potentially, there are several early life factors that might be involved in the development of obesity in adulthood (Parsons et al. 1999). To date, the best documented relationships are between parental size and adiposity in their offspring, and between childhood and adult fatness . Evidence is less complete for other factors, such as childhood diet and physical (in)activity, and it is not clear whether these factors influence adult obesity because of their effect on behaviours in adulthood.Unravelling the different life-course relationships involved in the development of obesity will be challenging, since the influence of different factors could be affected by their timing and duration, and also whether other cofactors are present. For example, in relation to timing of exposure, a factor occurring in early life may create biological and/or psychological vulnerabi...

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Sexual Maturation, Social Class, and the Desire to Be Thin Among Adolescent Females

Cited by 92 publications

References 0 publications

L’influence du style parental, de la dépression et des troubles du comportement sur le risque d’abandon scolaire

L’influence du style parental, de la dépression et des troubles du comportement sur le risque d’abandon scolaire

Processes linking weight status and self-concept among girls from ages 5 to 7 years.

Nutritional and other influences in childhood as predictors of adult obesity

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