Sexual exploitation of adolescent students in Tanzania: Implication for social services

Mlyakado, Budeba Petro; Li, Jessica C. M.

doi:10.1177/0020872818774111

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Sexual coercion presented a noteworthy prevalence in the reviewed papers addressing the topic. A study published after our review process was terminated and conducted in Tanzania reported a similar prevalence of sexual coercion among boys and girls (21%) [30]. Our data also stressed the high risk of sex coercion associated with girls, those who usually experience more vulnerable conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

A scoping review on sexual and reproductive health behaviors among Tanzanian adolescents

2019

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Background There is wide variation among societies in profiles of adolescent health and behaviors, but they all experience sexual and reproductive health as a major challenge. However, adolescents in middle- and low-income countries are of particular concern, as it is the case in Tanzania, where limited social, educational, and health services contribute to make them victims of unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortion, and sexually transmitted infections including HIV. Thus, we undertook a descriptive systematic scoping review of the available published information on sexual and reproductive health among Tanzanian adolescents. Methods We performed a scoping review to collect and analyze observational data on sexual and reproductive health behaviors among Tanzanian adolescents. Publications were identified using PubMed®, Scopus®, Web of Science™, and Cochrane Library electronic databases from 2000 to December 2017. A protocol was defined to identify relevant studies. We included original observational studies conducted in Tanzania and published in English, both quantitative and qualitative, involving adolescents (10 to 19 years old), and that considered at least one of the following items: condom use, number of sexual partners, sexual debut, contraceptive prevalence, sexually transmitted infections, unwanted pregnancies, abortion, or knowledge about reproductive health. All included articles were coded according to relevant exposures or outcomes and subsequently analyzed to assess frequencies. Results After screening for inclusion criteria, 13 publications were included in the datasheet developed to record the findings. Overall, the publications revealed that adolescents tend to be sexually active, with high rates of early sexual debut, have multiple sexual partners, and a limited use of condom and contraceptives. Sexual coercion and transactional sex were also frequent. Only one study addressed pregnancy as an outcome, and a single study looked at the relevant health services. No study was retrieved describing the frequency of unsafe abortion. Conclusion Adolescents engage in high-risk sexual behaviors and experience its adverse consequences. It is essential to collect more information, but the existing evidence supports a need for improving provision of sexual and reproductive health services among Tanzanian adolescents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

A scoping review on sexual and reproductive health behaviors among Tanzanian adolescents

2019

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“…In terms of gender enrollment, Tanzania has attained gender parity in primary school enrollment and near parity in lower secondary enrollment. But the performance of boys in the primary school leaving examination still dwarfs that of girls (Mlyakado, 2012). Again, a contrast can be drawn here between Tanzania and Kenya, which recently does not exhibit systematic gender pattern in the cadre of top performing students in primary school leaving exams.…”

Section: Attention To Culturementioning

confidence: 65%

Political Economy of Education: Assessing Institutional and Structural Constraints to Quality and Access to Education Opportunities in Tanzania

Ochieng

Cho

2021

SAGE Open

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In the year 2000, a global agenda to achieve quality education for all children by 2015 was birthed. However, even after the lapse of this period, quality of education remained low in developing countries. In light of this, the World Bank developed a framework for assessing education quality based on six facets, namely, assessment; autonomy; accountability; attention to teachers; attention to early childhood development; and attention to culture, together called 6As. Based on this framework, this paper examines education quality and attainment in Tanzania, and how Korea, which has partnered with Tanzania can help mitigate the challenges in the sector, which the two countries have set as their priority development partnership sector. The study is qualitative analysis based on secondary data. The study finds that Tanzania has made significant progress in line with education for all, exhibited by high enrollment rates, which is above the average of sub-Saharan Africa. Nonetheless, major failures exist in regard to quality of education, occasioned by policies that are inconsistent with the 6As. In situations where proper reforms have been instituted, laxity in enforcement have played a role to undermine quality. Moreover, Korea’s support to Tanzania does not involve significant cross-border financial flows. As a result, the impact of its assistance on local education system is limited. The paper recommends significant reforms in education management. Korea can leverage its partnership with Tanzania to initiate stakeholder dialog in areas of necessary reforms. It should also increase cross-border financial flows and provide technical assistance to Tanzania’s based on its success with education reforms.

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“…Limited access increases the risk of, for example, unplanned pregnancy and STIs among adolescents [ 18 ]. What adds to the urgency for SRH services is the socially normalised sexual exploitation of adolescents in Tanzania [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparities in Accessing Sexual and Reproductive Health Services at the Intersection of Disability and Female Adolescence in Tanzania

Mesiäislehto

Katsui

Sambaiga

2021

IJERPH

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Despite at times having greater needs for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, adolescents with disabilities often face challenges when trying to access them. This inaccessibility is further exacerbated during female adolescence. The qualitative study examines how SRH services respond to the characteristics of Tanzanian adolescent females with disabilities. We used the method of empathy-based stories to investigate the perceptions of 136 adolescent females with disabilities of their access to SRH services in Tanzania. The study used thematic content analysis and the Levesque model of health care access was applied as an analytical framework. The results demonstrate that discrimination affects access at different phases of care-seeking, that affectionate behaviour of providers is a central enabler of access, and that for this population access relies on a collective effort. We propose that affection, as an enabler of access, is as an additional provider dimension of access to SRH services for adolescents with disabilities, serving as a “reasonable accommodation” to the health care systems in southern contexts and beyond.

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Sexual exploitation of adolescent students in Tanzania: Implication for social services

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

A scoping review on sexual and reproductive health behaviors among Tanzanian adolescents

A scoping review on sexual and reproductive health behaviors among Tanzanian adolescents

Political Economy of Education: Assessing Institutional and Structural Constraints to Quality and Access to Education Opportunities in Tanzania

Disparities in Accessing Sexual and Reproductive Health Services at the Intersection of Disability and Female Adolescence in Tanzania

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