Sexual Dimorphism of Craniomandibular Size in the Korean Water Deer, &lt;i&gt;Hydropotes inermis argyropus&lt;/i&gt;

Kim, Yung Kun; Koyabu, Daisuke; Lee, Hang; Kimura, Junko

doi:10.1292/jvms.13-0125

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Finally, selection pressure could also be acting on female hippos to maximize their body size in order to protect their young and compete successfully for access to water and forage during periods of resource scarcity—the big mother hypothesis [ 20 ]. This selection pressure can potentially reduce any differences that may accrue from intra-sexual selection, or even result in females with larger morphological traits, such as in the Korean water deer [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting selection pressure on body and weapon size in a polygynous megaherbivore

et al. 2021

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Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is a common morphological trait in ungulates, with polygyny considered the leading driver of larger male body mass and weapon size. However, not all polygynous species exhibit SSD, while molecular evidence has revealed a more complex relationship between paternity and mating system than originally predicted. SSD is, therefore, likely to be shaped by a range of social, ecological and physiological factors. We present the first definitive analysis of SSD in the common hippopotamus ( Hippopotamus amphibius ) using a unique morphological dataset collected from 2994 aged individuals. The results confirm that hippos exhibit SSD, but the mean body mass differed by only 5% between the sexes, which is rather limited compared with many other polygynous ungulates. However, jaw and canine mass are significantly greater in males than females (44% and 81% heavier, respectively), highlighting the considerable selection pressure for acquiring larger weapons. A predominantly aquatic lifestyle coupled with the physiological limitations of their foregut fermenting morphology likely restricts body size differences between the sexes. Indeed, hippos appear to be a rare example among ungulates whereby sexual selection favours increased weapon size over body mass, underlining the important role that species-specific ecology and physiology have in shaping SSD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting selection pressure on body and weapon size in a polygynous megaherbivore

et al. 2021

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“…Modern comparative specimens were consulted at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH) and previous observations and measurements at the Natural History Museum, UK (C.M.S., unpublished data, 2018) and American Museum of Natural History (B.U., unpublished data, 2018) were employed. Comparative descriptions and dental metric data were also compiled from the literature ( [9,21,38,50,[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70]; electronic supplementary material, tables S3-S5). Dental terminology follows Bärmann & Rössner [71].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmed archaeological evidence of water deer in Vietnam: relics of the Pleistocene or a shifting baseline?

et al. 2021

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Studies of archaeological and palaeontological bone assemblages increasingly show that the historical distributions of many mammal species are unrepresentative of their longer-term geographical ranges in the Quaternary. Consequently, the geographical and ecological scope of potential conservation efforts may be inappropriately narrow. Here, we consider a case-in-point, the water deer Hydropotes inermis , which has historical native distributions in eastern China and the Korean peninsula. We present morphological and metric criteria for the taxonomic diagnosis of mandibles and maxillary canine fragments from Hang Thung Binh 1 cave in Tràng An World Heritage Site, which confirm the prehistoric presence of water deer in Vietnam. Dated to between 13 000 and 16 000 years before the present, the specimens are further evidence of a wider Quaternary distribution for these Vulnerable cervids, are valuable additions to a sparse Pleistocene fossil record and confirm water deer as a component of the Upper Pleistocene fauna of northern Vietnam. Palaeoenvironmental proxies suggest that the Tràng An water deer occupied cooler, but not necessarily drier, conditions than today. We consider if the specimens represent extirpated Pleistocene populations or indicate a previously unrecognized, longer-standing southerly distribution with possible implications for the conservation of the species in the future.

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“…The genus Hydropotes , belonging to the subfamily Hydropotinae, and family Cervidae, is distributed across South Korea and the Northeastern China [ 7 , 13 ], and it exhibits unique characteristics, including the presence of well-developed canines in the maxilla and absence of antlers [ 12 ]. Although the ecological [ 10 , 11 , 54 ] and genetic [ 21 , 27 ] studies on this species have been conducted previously, there are limited studies on the anatomical examination of the Korean water deer, which include the male reproductive organ [ 36 , 37 ], branching pattern of the aortic arch [ 1 ], rumen structure [ 19 ], and morphometric studies of the skull [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 31 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Morphology of placentome in Korean water deer <i>Hydropotes inermis argropus</i>

Sohn

Yamane

Saitoh

et al. 2021

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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The placenta of the Korean water deer was anatomically examined to accumulate basic information regarding its reproductive system. The convex placentomes with five to nine welldeveloped pedicles were observed in the whole uterine horns, and therefore, the placenta was classified as oligocotyledonary. The evidence indicating the migration of binucleate cells (BNCs) from trophectoderm to the uterine epithelium led to the histological classification of the placenta as synepitheliochorial. The number of fetuses was markedly higher than that in other ruminant species.However, the number of placentomes was found to be similar to the other Cervidae species. Therefore, these results suggest that the Korean water deer may possess special mechanisms or structures at the fetus attachment site to maintain this unusally high number of fetuses.

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Sexual Dimorphism of Craniomandibular Size in the Korean Water Deer, <i>Hydropotes inermis argyropus</i>

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Contrasting selection pressure on body and weapon size in a polygynous megaherbivore

Contrasting selection pressure on body and weapon size in a polygynous megaherbivore

Confirmed archaeological evidence of water deer in Vietnam: relics of the Pleistocene or a shifting baseline?

Morphology of placentome in Korean water deer <i>Hydropotes inermis argropus</i>

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