Sexual dimorphism in white and brown adipose tissue with obesity and inflammation

Bloor, Ian; Symonds, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.02.007

Cited by 80 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…After this biological transition, females are more susceptible to increased adiposity within central abdominal locations, analogous to males. Much more is currently known about the effects of sex hormones with obesity on white compared with BAT as recently reviewed by Bloor and Symonds [29]. …”

Section: Gender Dimorphism In Watmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of sex steroids on adipose tissue growth and function

Law

Bloor

Budge

et al. 2014

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

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Obesity remains a major global health concern. Understanding the metabolic influences of the obesity epidemic in the human population on maintenance of a healthy weight and metabolic profile is still of great significance. The importance and role of white adipose tissue has been long established, particularly with excess adiposity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), however, has only recently been shown to contribute significantly to the metabolic signature of mammals outside the previously recognised role in small mammals and neonates. BAT's detection in adults has led to a renewed interest and is now considered to be a potential therapeutic target to prevent excess white fat accumulation in obesity, a theory further promoted by the recent discovery of beige fat. Adipose tissue distribution varies significantly between genders. Pre-menopausal females often show enhanced lower and peripheral fat deposition in adiposity deposition compared to the male profile of central and visceral fat accumulation with obesity. This sex disparity is partly attributed to the different effects of sex hormone profiles and interactions on the adipose tissue system. In this review, we explore this intricate relationship and show how modifications in the effects of sex hormones impact on both brown and white adipose tissues. We also discuss the impact of sex hormones on activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and how the three pathways between adiposity, HPA and sex steroids can have a major contribution to the prevention or maintenance of obesity and therefore on overall health.

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Section: Gender Dimorphism In Watmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each of these types of adipose tissue respond differently to the hormonal influences they are exposed to, and their differing response to female and male sex steroids is of particular interest in understanding the main biological control mechanisms [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of sex steroids on adipose tissue growth and function

Law

Bloor

Budge

et al. 2014

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

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“…Human BAT is minimal in adults, and its main function is to generate heat to maintain body temperature [28][29][30][31]. In contrast, WAT is more abundant and is therefore the main source for engineering autologous tissue for transplantation [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropeptide Y promotes adipogenic differentiation in primary cultured human adipose-derived stem cells

Liu

Fang

et al. 2018

Endocr J

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Abstract. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an important neurotransmitter in the control of energy metabolism. Several studies have shown that obesity is associated with increased levels of NPY in the hypothalamus. We hypothesized that the release of NPY has coordinated and integrated effects on energy metabolism in different tissues, such as adipocyte tissue, resulting in increased energy storage and decreased energy expenditure. Whether NPY has role in the molecular mechanism of human adipocyte tissue remains unclear. We established the model of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) from human adipose tissue and differentiated it into adipocytes in the presence of NPY at different concentrations (10 -15 -10 -6 mmol/L). We then assessed hADSCs proliferation and differentiation by quantifying lipid accumulation and examining the expression levels of related adipocyte markers after differentiation. Furthermore, the specific markers of white adipocyte tissue (WAT) in hADSCs were also analyzed. The results showed that low doses of NPY stimulated hADSCs proliferation (p < 0.05), while high doses of NPY inhibited hADSCs proliferation (p < 0.05). NPY significantly promoted lipid accumulation and increased the size of lipid droplets during human adipogenic differentiation; the levels of adipocyte markers PPAR-γ and C/EBPα were also increased. At the same time, NPY also increased the levels of WAT markers Cidec and RIP140 after adipocyte differentiation. The results suggested high dose NPY inhibits the proliferation of hADSCs while promotes adipocyte differentiation and increases the expression of WAT markers. This may be the reason why increased levels of NPY can lead to a rise in body weight.Key words: Neuropeptide Y, Human adipose-derived stem cells, Adipocyte differentiation, White adipose tissue NEUROPEPTIDE Y (NPY) is a 36-amino acid neuropeptide, which is widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system. In the brain, NPY is found in many brain areas [1], including the hypothalamus, dentate gyrus, lateral thalamus and striatum, with the highest concentrations in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (Arc). NPY is implicated in the regulation of many physiological processes, including food intake and body energy balance. NPY also regulates cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, reproductive, endocrine and behavioural function [2][3][4]. Recently, studies have revealed that administration of NPY has profound metabolic effects throughout the body. One characteristic of obesity is the This overproduction of fat is associated with increased lipogenesis in different organs, such as liver and white adipose tissue (WAT). Several studies found that obesity is associated with elevated levels of NPY in the hypothalamus [5][6][7][8][9]. Adipose tissue is important for regulation of energy metabolism. A disturbance of metabolic processes, such as thermogenesis, lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, may contribute to the pathology of obesity. In order to increase our understanding of how NPY could be involved in the adipoc...

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“…To date, estrogen receptor α is considered to have a dominant role in adipose tissue development (71) and growth (70). It is possible that a mid-gestational surge in estrogen (36) could reprogram receptor abundance and stimulate fat growth (15). Interestingly, in mice, estrogen receptor α can regulate adipose lineage commitment, and white adipose progenitors lacking this receptor enter smooth muscle and brown adipogenic cellular fates (57).…”

Section: Fetal Ontogeny Of Brown Adipose Tissue In Large Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ontogeny of Brown Adipose Tissue

Symonds

Pope

Budge³

2015

Annu. Rev. Nutr.

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102

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There are three different types of adipose tissue (AT)-brown, white, and beige-that differ with stage of development, species, and anatomical location. Of these, brown AT (BAT) is the least abundant but has the greatest potential impact on energy balance. BAT is capable of rapidly producing large amounts of heat through activation of the unique uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) located within the inner mitochondrial membrane. White AT is an endocrine organ and site of lipid storage, whereas beige AT is primarily white but contains some cells that possess UCP1. BAT first appears in the fetus around mid-gestation and is then gradually lost through childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. We focus on the interrelationships between adipocyte classification, anatomical location, and impact of diet in early life together with the extent to which fat development differs between the major species examined. Ultimately, novel dietary interventions designed to reactivate BAT could be possible.

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Sexual dimorphism in white and brown adipose tissue with obesity and inflammation

Cited by 80 publications

References 130 publications

The influence of sex steroids on adipose tissue growth and function

The influence of sex steroids on adipose tissue growth and function

Neuropeptide Y promotes adipogenic differentiation in primary cultured human adipose-derived stem cells

The Ontogeny of Brown Adipose Tissue

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