The Ontogeny of Brown Adipose Tissue

Symonds, Michael; Pope, Mark; Budge, Helen

doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071813-105330

Cited by 93 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…It has been also found in neonates of large mammalian species and more recently, in adults (Lee et al, 2013). As observed in human, BAT depots in sheep are mainly found in the supraclavicular/ neck region and in the pericardial and perirenal regions (Symonds et al, 2015). Perirenal, pericardial and peritoneal adipose tissues in calf neonates have been essentially recognized as brown (Casteilla et al, 1989;Martin et al, 1999;Smith et al, 2004), but recent studies revealed that fetal bovine perirenal adipose tissue may have much more in common with WAT than with BAT (Taga et al, 2012a and.…”

Section: Overview Of Structure Location and Functions Of Adipose Tismentioning

confidence: 67%

Invited review: Pre- and postnatal adipose tissue development in farm animals: from stem cells to adipocyte physiology

Louveau

Perruchot

Bonnet

et al. 2016

Animal

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Both white and brown adipose tissues are recognized to be differently involved in energy metabolism and are also able to secrete a variety of factors called adipokines that are involved in a wide range of physiological and metabolic functions. Brown adipose tissue is predominant around birth, except in pigs. Irrespective of species, white adipose tissue has a large capacity to expand postnatally and is able to adapt to a variety of factors. The aim of this review is to update the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with pre-and postnatal adipose tissue development with a special focus on pigs and ruminants. In contrast to other tissues, the embryonic origin of adipose cells remains the subject of debate. Adipose cells arise from the recruitment of specific multipotent stem cells/progenitors named adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. Recent studies have highlighted the existence of a variety of those cells being able to differentiate into white, brown or brown-like/beige adipocytes. After commitment to the adipocyte lineage, progenitors undergo large changes in the expression of many genes involved in cell cycle arrest, lipid accumulation and secretory functions. Early nutrition can affect these processes during fetal and perinatal periods and can also influence or pre-determinate later growth of adipose tissue. How these changes may be related to adipose tissue functional maturity around birth and can influence newborn survival is discussed. Altogether, a better knowledge of fetal and postnatal adipose tissue development is important for various aspects of animal production, including neonatal survival, postnatal growth efficiency and health.

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Section: Overview Of Structure Location and Functions Of Adipose Tismentioning

confidence: 67%

Invited review: Pre- and postnatal adipose tissue development in farm animals: from stem cells to adipocyte physiology

Louveau

Perruchot

Bonnet

et al. 2016

Animal

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“…WAT is endocrine in nature and lipid storage site and is implicated as an endocrine organ that secretes hormones and different molecules as growth factors, complement factors, enzymes, and pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines among others [2]; while BeAT is primarily white, it has some cells that have UCP-I. BrAT appears first in the fetus mid-gestation and is lost during the maturation of childhood, adolescence, and mature age [4].…”

Section: Morphology and Physiology Of Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-myelinated axons terminate in fat cells, providing for a direct sympathetic regulation, and the vascularity is ample with numerous capillaries coursing between the adipocytes [4]. Brown adipose cells have numerous mitochondria that participate in heat production through UCP-1 protein.…”

Section: Brown Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

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Adipose Tissue and Inflammation

Muñoz‐Carrillo¹,

Campo²,

Coronado³

et al. 2018

Adipose Tissue

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Adipose tissue is composed mainly by adipocytes and stromal-vascular fraction, which are composed by different cell types including macrophages. There are three types of adipose tissue: brown (BrAT), white (WAT), and beige (BeAT). BrAT is less abundant and is implicated in lipid oxidation and energy balance; BeAT has the pathway of adaptive thermogenesis, and WAT is endocrine in nature and lipid storage site and is implicated as an endocrine organ that secretes hormones and different molecules. These molecules are pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, including the adipokines leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin, as well as cytokines and chemokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, leptin, adiponectin, and others, are involved with the development of adipose tissue inflammation and obesity. This pathological condition, together with other factors such as oxidative stress, may develop insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

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“…BAT is a thermogenic organ located mainly in the supraclavicular regions and in much smaller amounts 5 in other locations such surrounding the kidneys and heart. Most abundant at birth 6 , BAT is responsible for nonshivering thermogenesis and the maintenance of thermal homeostasis. This is achieved through the uncoupling of oxidative metabolism from ATP production via mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 which dissipates chemical energy as heat 7 .…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%