Sexual Dimorphism in Relation to Current Selection in the House Finch

Badyaev, Alexander V.; Martin, Thomas E.

doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2000.tb00098.x

Cited by 104 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Survival may play an important role in the female-biased sexual size dimorphism of the yellow-pine chipmunk because of stabilizing selection on male body size and positive directional selection on female body size. A similar pattern has been observed in house fincheslarge males were less likely to survive than small males and large females were more likely to survive than small females (Badyaev and Martin 2000). In marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) male body size, but not female body size, was negatively related to survival (Wikelski and Trillmich 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…These selective pressures may include niche differentiation between the sexes (Slatkin 1984;Shine 1989) or fecundity selection (Andersson 1994). Contemporary patterns of selection can provide insights into the selective pressures influencing the evolution and maintenance of sexual size dimorphism (e.g., Price 1984a; Weatherhead and Clark 1994;Weatherhead et al 1995;Badyaev and Martin 2000;Ferguson and Fairbairn 2000). Contemporary patterns of selection can provide insights into the selective pressures influencing the evolution and maintenance of sexual size dimorphism (e.g., Price 1984a; Weatherhead and Clark 1994;Weatherhead et al 1995;Badyaev and Martin 2000;Ferguson and Fairbairn 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Female-Biased Sexual Size Dimorphism in the Yellow-Pine Chipmunk (Tamias Amoenus): Sex-Specific Patterns of Annual Reproductive Success and Survival

Schulte‐Hostedde

Millar

Gibbs

2002

Evol

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Abstract.— Sexual size dimorphism is ultimately the result of independent, sex‐specific selection on body size. In mammals, male‐biased sexual size dimorphism is the predominant pattern, and it is usually attributed to the polygynous mating system prevalent in most mammals. This sole explanation is unsatisfying because selection acts on both sexes simultaneously, therefore any explanation of sexual size dimorphism should explain why one sex is relatively large and the other is small. Using mark‐recapture techniques and DNA microsatellite loci to assign parentage, we examined sex‐specific patterns of annual reproductive success and survival in the yellow‐pine chipmunk (Tamias amoenus), a small mammal with female‐biased sexual size dimorphism, to test the hypothesis that the dimorphism was related to sex differences in the relationship between body size and fitness. Chipmunks were monitored and body size components measured over three years in the Kananaskis Valley, Alberta, Canada. Male reproductive success was independent of body size perhaps due to trade‐offs in body size associated with behavioral components of male mating success: dominance and running speed. Male survival was consistent with stabilizing selection for overall body size and body size components. The relationship between reproductive success and female body size fluctuated. In two of three years the relationship was positive, whereas in one year the relationship was negative. This may have been the result of differences in environmental conditions among years. Large females require more energy to maintain their soma than small females and may be unable to maintain lactation in the face of challenging environmental conditions. Female survival was positively related to body size, with little evidence for stabilizing selection. Sex differences in the relationship between body size and fitness (reproductive success and survival) were the result of different processes, but were ultimately consistent with female‐biased sexual size dimorphism evident in this species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Female-Biased Sexual Size Dimorphism in the Yellow-Pine Chipmunk (Tamias Amoenus): Sex-Specific Patterns of Annual Reproductive Success and Survival

Schulte‐Hostedde

Millar

Gibbs

2002

Evol

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“…We also know that current island cardinal populations are statistically different from each other in several morphological traits (e.g., wing and bill sizes—Mathys & Lockwood, 2011). These morphological traits are known to be heritable among birds (Badyaev & Martin, 2000a,b; Jensen et al., 2003), and Mathys and Lockwood (2011) show that observed across island differences are of such a magnitude that in situ genetic drift is not a likely causal mechanism (Mathys & Lockwood, 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of invasion history on rapid morphological divergence across island populations of an exotic bird

Valentin

Lockwood

Mathys

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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There is increasing evidence that exotic populations may rapidly differentiate from those in their native range and that differences also arise among populations within the exotic range. Using morphological and DNA‐based analyses, we document the extent of trait divergence among native North American and exotic Hawaiian populations of northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis). Furthermore, using a combination of historical records and DNA‐based analyses, we evaluate the role of founder effects in producing observed trait differences. We measured and compared key morphological traits across northern cardinal populations in the native and exotic ranges to assess whether trait divergence across the Hawaiian Islands, where this species was introduced between 1929 and 1931, reflected observed variation across native phylogeographic clades in its native North America. We used and added to prior phylogenetic analyses based on a mitochondrial locus to identify the most likely native source clade(s) for the Hawaiian cardinal populations. We then used Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) to evaluate the role of founder effects in producing the observed differences in body size and bill morphology across native and exotic populations. We found cardinal populations on the Hawaiian Islands had morphological traits that diverged substantially across islands and overlapped the trait space of all measured native North American clades. The phylogeographic analysis identified the eastern North American clade (C. cardinalis cardinalis) as the most likely and sole native source for all the Hawaiian cardinal populations. The ABC analyses supported written accounts of the cardinal's introduction that indicate the original 300 cardinals shipped to Hawaii were simultaneously and evenly released across Hawaii, Kauai, and Oahu. Populations on each island likely experienced bottlenecks followed by expansion, with cardinals from the island of Hawaii eventually colonizing Maui unaided. Overall, our results suggest that founder effects had limited impact on morphological trait divergence of exotic cardinal populations in the Hawaiian archipelago, which instead reflect postintroduction events.

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“…By relating fitness estimates to individual variation in expression of competitive traits we aim to integrate proximate and ultimate frameworks in order to better understand the evolution and maintenance of female expression of competitive traits (Lande 1980; Badyaev and Martin 2000; Fairbairn et al 2007; Williams 2008; Cox et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive females are successful females; phenotype, mechanism, and selection in a common songbird

Cain

Ketterson

2011

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

103

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In a variety of taxa, male reproductive success is positively related to expression of costly traits such as large body size, ornaments, armaments, and aggression. These traits are thought to improve male competitive ability, and thus access to limited reproductive resources. Females of many species also express competitive traits. However, we know very little about the consequences of individual variation in competitive traits and the mechanisms that regulate their expression in females. Consequently, it is currently unclear whether females express competitive traits owing to direct selection or as an indirect result of selection on males. Here we examine females of a mildly dimorphic songbird (Junco hyemalis) to determine whether females, show positive covariance in traits (morphology and behavior) that may be important in a competition. We also examine whether trait expression relates either to testosterone (T) in terms of mechanism or to reproductive success in terms of function. We found that larger females were more aggressive and that greater ability to produce T in response to a physiological challenge consisting of a standardized injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) predicted some measures of female body size and aggression. Finally, we found that aggressive females had greater reproductive success. We conclude that testosterone may influence female phenotype and that females may benefit from expressing a competitive phenotype. We also suggest that the mild dimorphism observed in many species may be due in part to direct selection on females rather than simply a correlated response to selection in males.

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Sexual Dimorphism in Relation to Current Selection in the House Finch

Cited by 104 publications

References 99 publications

Female-Biased Sexual Size Dimorphism in the Yellow-Pine Chipmunk (Tamias Amoenus): Sex-Specific Patterns of Annual Reproductive Success and Survival

Female-Biased Sexual Size Dimorphism in the Yellow-Pine Chipmunk (Tamias Amoenus): Sex-Specific Patterns of Annual Reproductive Success and Survival

Influence of invasion history on rapid morphological divergence across island populations of an exotic bird

Competitive females are successful females; phenotype, mechanism, and selection in a common songbird

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