Sexual difference in PCB concentrations of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

Madenjian, Charles P.; Schrank, Candy S.; Begnoche, Linda J.; Elliott, Robert J.R.; Quintal, Richard T.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.12.023

Cited by 13 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Even in the models that included interactions, the underlying relationships remained as filet PCB concentrations increased with fish length and filet % lipid and fall filet PCB concentrations were slightly higher. Gender and age-at-length information over these time periods may clarify some of these observations (Gewurtz et al, 2011;Madenjian et al, 2009Madenjian et al, , 2010. Our purpose in fitting models with interactions was to determine whether interactions may change the understanding of trends in PCB concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimation of total PCBs in fish based on Aroclor patterns is a cost-effective and consistent analytical method for assessing long-term temporal PCB trends. This method may result in slightly different estimates of total PCBs compared to methods that are based on congener summation (Maack and Sonzogni, 1988;Madenjian et al, 2010;Sonzogni et al, 1991), and it does not allow for source fingerprinting or more precise toxicity assessments (Cleverly, 2005).…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modeling trends of PCBs in Lake Michigan fish are a potential way to evaluate efforts to remediate ongoing sources of PCBs to Lake Michigan in light of other factors that also affect PCB concentrations in fish (i.e. gender, age/size, diet, lipids or condition; de Boer et al, 2010;French et al, 2006;Gewurtz et al, 2011;Jude et al, 2010;Madenjian et al, 2010;Sadraddini et al, 2011). In the 1970s, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WI DNR) began widespread testing of many fish species including Lake Michigan chinook and coho for DDT, PCBs, and other chlorinated chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends of PCB concentrations in Lake Michigan coho and chinook salmon, 1975–2010

Rasmussen

Schrank

Williams

2014

Journal of Great Lakes Research

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The manufacture and use of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was banned in the United States in 1977 after it was determined that these compounds adversely affect animals and humans. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources has quantified total PCB concentrations in Lake Michigan chinook (n = 765) and coho (n = 393) salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and Oncorhynchus kisutch, respectively) filets since 1975. We analyzed these data to estimate trends in PCB concentrations in these fish . We used generalized linear models with a gamma error distribution and log link fit to the untransformed concentrations. Trend patterns were examined using graphical smoothing and generalized additive models. We identified a candidate set of models that included time trend and other predictor variables. Using the Akaike Information Criterion to select among models we found the best models for both species included piecewise linear time trends, total body length, % lipid, and collection season as predictor variables. The intersection of the two trends was 1985 for chinook salmon and 1984 for coho salmon. PCB concentrations in both species increased with body length and % lipid, and were higher for individuals caught in the fall. Our data reveals a dramatic decline in PCB concentrations of −16.7% and − 23.9% per year for chinook and coho, respectively, up until the intersection year likely reflecting implementation of restrictions on Aroclor-based PCBs. After the intersection year to 2010, PCB concentrations declined at an annual rate of −4.0% (95% CI: −4.4% to −3.6%) and −2.6% (95% CI: −3.3% to −1.9%) for chinook and coho, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends of PCB concentrations in Lake Michigan coho and chinook salmon, 1975–2010

Rasmussen

Schrank

Williams

2014

Journal of Great Lakes Research

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“…In addition, the coho salmon used in the study cited by Madenjian [1] were caught prior to spawning. Coho salmon are semelparous in that they spawn only once during their lifetime and then die soon thereafter [3]. Because the coho salmon used in the study had never spawned, release of eggs at spawning could not possibly account for the higher PCB concentrations observed in males compared with females.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth dilution made a substantial contribution to the difference in PCB concentrations between the sexes of South Manistique Lake walleye [7], but had a negligible effect on the sex difference in PCB concentrations for the coho salmon and lake trout populations [3, 8]. For South Manistique Lake walleye, females were more than 40 % larger, by weight, than males over ages 6–8 [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in contaminant concentrations of fish: a synthesis

et al. 2016

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A comparison of whole-fish polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and total mercury (Hg) concentrations in mature males with those in mature females may provide insights into sex differences in behavior, metabolism, and other physiological processes. In eight species of fish, we observed that males exceeded females in whole-fish PCB concentration by 17 to 43 %. Based on results from hypothesis testing, we concluded that these sex differences were most likely primarily driven by a higher rate of energy expenditure, stemming from higher resting metabolic rate (or standard metabolic rate (SMR)) and higher swimming activity, in males compared with females. A higher rate of energy expenditure led to a higher rate of food consumption, which, in turn, resulted in a higher rate of PCB accumulation. For two fish species, the growth dilution effect also made a substantial contribution to the sex difference in PCB concentrations, although the higher energy expenditure rate for males was still the primary driver. Hg concentration data were available for five of the eight species. For four of these five species, the ratio of PCB concentration in males to PCB concentration in females was substantially greater than the ratio of Hg concentration in males to Hg concentration in females. In sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a very primitive fish, the two ratios were nearly identical. The most plausible explanation for this pattern was that certain androgens, such as testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone, enhanced Hg-elimination rate in males. In contrast, long-term elimination of PCBs is negligible for both sexes. According to this explanation, males not only ingest Hg at a higher rate than females but also eliminate Hg at a higher rate than females, in fish species other than sea lamprey. Male sea lamprey do not possess either of the above-specified androgens. These apparent sex differences in SMRs, activities, and Hg-elimination rates in teleost fishes may also apply, to some degree, to higher vertebrates including humans. Our synthesis findings will be useful in (1) developing sex-specific bioenergetics models for fish, (2) developing sex-specific risk assessment models for exposure of humans and wildlife to contaminants, and (3) refining Hg mass balance models for fish and higher vertebrates.

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Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations and Activity of Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus Vary by Sex

Madenjian

Johnson²,

Binder³

et al. 2013

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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We determined the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations of 40 male and 40 female adult sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus captured in the Cheboygan River, a tributary to Lake Huron, during May 2011. In addition, we performed a laboratory experiment using passive integrated transponder tags to determine whether male adult sea lampreys were more active than female adult sea lampreys. Sex had a significant effect on PCB concentration, and PCB concentration at a given level of sea lamprey condition was approximately 25 % greater in males than in females. Adjusting for the difference in condition between the sexes, males averaged a 17 % greater PCB concentration compared with females. Results from the laboratory experiment indicated that males were significantly more active than females. The observed sex difference in PCB concentrations was not due to female sea lampreys releasing eggs at spawning because the sea lamprey is semelparous, and we caught the sea lampreys before spawning. Rather, we attributed the sex difference in PCB concentrations to a greater rate of energy expenditure in males compared with females. We proposed that this greater rate of energy expenditure was likely due to greater activity. Our laboratory experiment results supported this hypothesis. A greater resting metabolic rate may also have contributed to a greater rate of energy expenditure. Our findings should eventually be applicable toward improving control of sea lamprey, a pest responsible for considerable damage to fisheries in lakes where it is not native.

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Sexual difference in PCB concentrations of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Trends of PCB concentrations in Lake Michigan coho and chinook salmon, 1975–2010

Trends of PCB concentrations in Lake Michigan coho and chinook salmon, 1975–2010

Sex differences in contaminant concentrations of fish: a synthesis

Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations and Activity of Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus Vary by Sex

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