Sexual Contact in Childhood, Revictimization, and Lifetime Sexual and Psychological Outcomes

Das, Aniruddha; Otis, Nicholas

doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0620-3

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…That being the case, a question can be raised about our failure to find a similar pattern for intimate partner sexual violence, as the latter seems to contradict studies showing that sexual assault re-victimization is associated with poor mental health (Classen, Palesh, & Aggarwal, 2005; Das & Otis, 2016; Miner, Flitter, & Robinson, 2006). However, these studies focused largely on victims of childhood sexual assault who were versus were not re-victimized as adults, whereas our analysis compares adult sexual assault victims who were versus were not previously victimized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Trauma and PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Kessler

Aguilar‐Gaxiola

Alonso

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

976

720

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Background: Although post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) onset-persistence is thought to vary significantly by trauma type, most epidemiological surveys are incapable of assessing this because they evaluate lifetime PTSD only for traumas nominated by respondents as their ‘worst.’ Objective: To review research on associations of trauma type with PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys, a series of epidemiological surveys that obtained representative data on trauma-specific PTSD. Method: WMH Surveys in 24 countries (n = 68,894) assessed 29 lifetime traumas and evaluated PTSD twice for each respondent: once for the ‘worst’ lifetime trauma and separately for a randomly-selected trauma with weighting to adjust for individual differences in trauma exposures. PTSD onset-persistence was evaluated with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results: In total, 70.4% of respondents experienced lifetime traumas, with exposure averaging 3.2 traumas per capita. Substantial between-trauma differences were found in PTSD onset but less in persistence. Traumas involving interpersonal violence had highest risk. Burden of PTSD, determined by multiplying trauma prevalence by trauma-specific PTSD risk and persistence, was 77.7 person-years/100 respondents. The trauma types with highest proportions of this burden were rape (13.1%), other sexual assault (15.1%), being stalked (9.8%), and unexpected death of a loved one (11.6%). The first three of these four represent relatively uncommon traumas with high PTSD risk and the last a very common trauma with low PTSD risk. The broad category of intimate partner sexual violence accounted for nearly 42.7% of all person-years with PTSD. Prior trauma history predicted both future trauma exposure and future PTSD risk. Conclusions: Trauma exposure is common throughout the world, unequally distributed, and differential across trauma types with respect to PTSD risk. Although a substantial minority of PTSD cases remits within months after onset, mean symptom duration is considerably longer than previously recognized.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Trauma and PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Kessler

Aguilar‐Gaxiola

Alonso

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

976

720

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…dair kapsamlı, tek metaanaliz çalışmasında da bu sorun dile getirilmiş ve TCİ oranının sıklığı %10-90.3 arasında değiştiği ve ortalama görülme sıklığının %47.9 olduğu bildirilmiştir (Walker vd., 2019). Cinsiyet yönünden ise çelişkili bulgular olmakla birlikte, kızların erkeklere göre TCİ yönünden daha dezavantajlı konumda olduğu bilinmektedir (örn., Das ve Otis, 2016). Bu durum erkeklere göre kızların daha fazla ÇCİ'ye maruz kalmasından kaynaklanabileceği gibi cinsiyet ayrımcılığı da kız mağdurların istismar sonrası yaşadığı psikososyal sorunların artmasına yol açan bir faktör olabilir.…”

Section: Sonuçunclassified

“…Türkiye'de ise TCİ sıklığına yönelik sadece bir çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. İlgili araştırma ÇCİ mağdurlarının adli görüşme yaptığı Ankara Çocuk İzlem Merkezinde gerçekleştirilmiş olup, bir yıllık süre içerisinde adli görüşmesi yapılan 465 ÇCİ şüphesi olan olguda TCİ sıklığı %7.7 (n=36) olarak saptanmıştır (Odabaş vd., 2012 (Das ve Otis, 2016). Ayrıca, bu çalışmada özellikle TCİ mağduru erkeklerin erotik düşüncelerinin ve davranışlarının fazla olduğu, daha fazla erotizm ile ilgilendiği saptanmıştır.…”

Section: Tci̇'nin Sıklığıunclassified

“…Alanyazın incelendiğinde TCİ mağdurlarının ÇCİ mağdurlarında olduğu gibi stres düzeyinde artış (Balsam vd., 2011;Classen vd., 2005), travma sonrası stres bozukluğu (Arata, 2002;Noll, Horowitz, Bonanno, Trickett ve Putnam, 2003;Ullman, 2016), depresyon bozukluğu (Culatta, Clay-Warner, Boyle ve Oshri, 2017;Das ve Otis, 2016), kaygı bozukluğu (Das ve Otis, 2016), dissosiyasyon (Arata, 2002;Noll vd., 2003), riskli davranışlar sergileme (Krahé ve Berger, 2017), madde kullanımı (Classen vd., 2005), alkol kullanımı (Balsam vd., 2011;Ullman, 2016;Ullman, Najdowski ve Filipas, 2009), düşük cinsel öz-güven (Krahé ve Berger, 2017), cinsel davranışlarda artış (Das ve Otis, 2016;Noll vd., 2003), intihar girişiminde ve öz-yaralama davranışlarında artış (Balsam vd., 2011), kişiler arası, davranışsal ve bilişsel işlevsellikte zorluklar yaşama (Classen vd., 2005) ISSN: 2147-1185…”

Section: Tci̇ Mağdurlarının Psikolojik öZellikleriunclassified

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Tekrarlanan Cinsel İstismar Mağduriyeti ve Okul Ortamında Yapılması Gerekenler

Koçtürk

2019

İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi

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Association of DSM-IV Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Traumatic Experience Type and History in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys

et al. 2017

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Disclaimer:The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent the views of WHO or other sponsoring organizations, agencies, or governments. Additional Contributions:We thank the staff of the WMH Data Collection and Data Analysis Coordination centres for assistance with instrumentation, fieldwork, and consultation on data analysis. Additional Information:A complete list of all within-country and cross-national WMH publications can be found at http:// www.hcp.med.harvard.edu/wmh/. Abstract IMPORTANCE-Previous research has documented significant variation in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) depending on the type of traumatic experience (TE) and history of TE exposure, but the relatively small sample sizes in these studies resulted in a number of unresolved basic questions.OBJECTIVE-To examine disaggregated associations of type of TE history with PTSD in a large cross-national community epidemiologic data set. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS-The World Health Organization World MentalHealth surveys assessed 29 TE types (lifetime exposure, age at first exposure) with DSM-IV PTSD that was associated with 1 randomly selected TE exposure (the random TE) for each respondent. Surveys were administered in 20 countries (n = 34 676 respondents) from 2001 to 2012. Data were analyzed from October 1, 2015, to September 1, 2016. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES-Prevalence Methods SamplesThe WMH surveys are a coordinated set of community epidemiologic surveys in countries throughout the world. 17 This report focuses on the 22 WMH surveys in 20 countries that assessed lifetime PTSD after randomly selected TEs (using the procedures described below). Three surveys that assessed these random TEs were conducted in countries classified by the World Bank as low or lower-middle income (Colombia, Peru, and Ukraine); 7 in countries classified as upper-middle income (Brazil, Bulgaria, Colombia [administered after the previously mentioned Colombian survey, when the country income rating had increased], Lebanon, Mexico, Romania, and South Africa); and 12 in countries classified as high income (Belgium, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Spain [separate national and regional surveys], and the United States) (eTable 1 in the Supplement). Each survey was based on a multistage clustered area Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript probability sample of adult household residents. The target population was the entire country in most surveys, all urbanized areas in 3 (Colombia, Mexico, and Peru), and specific metropolitan areas in 4 (Sao Paulo, Brazil; Medellin, Colombia; Murcia, Spain; and 6 cities in Japan). Response rates ranged from 45.9% (France) to 97.2% (Medellin), with a mean rate of 71.3% across surveys. This study was approved by the institutional review boards of the participating institutions. Participants provided written or oral informed consent using procedures approved by...

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Sexual Contact in Childhood, Revictimization, and Lifetime Sexual and Psychological Outcomes

Cited by 14 publications

References 82 publications

Trauma and PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Trauma and PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Tekrarlanan Cinsel İstismar Mağduriyeti ve Okul Ortamında Yapılması Gerekenler

Association of DSM-IV Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Traumatic Experience Type and History in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys

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