Sexual and physical intimate partner violence among women using antenatal care in Nampula, Mozambique

Chaquisse, Eusébio; Fraga, Sílvia; Meireles, Paula; Macassa, Glória; Soares, Joaquim; Mbofana, Francisco; Barros, Henrique

doi:10.4081/jphia.2018.744

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…is result (37.5%) is in line with findings from Pakistan (35%) [22] and Nigeria (34.3%) [23] and a study in Ethiopia, Jimma 35.6% [19]. But this is lower as compared to the studies carried out in Zimbabwe (63.1%) [24], Uganda (48%) [25], South Africa (44%) [26], Mozambique (44%) [27], and Kenya (66.9%) [28] and the studies conducted in Ethiopia, Abay Chamo (44.5%) [11] and Gonder (58.7%) [8]. e possible reason for the difference might be due to the difference in study designs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…e difference might be due to the difference in duration. For example, studies in South Africa and Mozambique [26,27] were focused on the lifetime prevalence of violence, but this study focused only on the current pregnancy. e difference could be also due to the difference in study subjects, as finding in Nigeria [23] was only rural dwellers and the study in Zimbabwe [24] was focused only pregnant women with a lower socioeconomic status, this could result in the overestimation of the prevalence of the problem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnitude of Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia

Adhena

Oljira

Dessie

et al. 2020

Advances in Public Health

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Background. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy is the most common and major public health problem and human rights issue worldwide and has a negative effect on the lives of both mother and fetus. Despite its prominence, this issue has received little attention in Ethiopia as well as many sub-Saharan African countries. This study assessed the magnitude of intimate partner violence and associated factors among pregnant women in Ofla District, Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to 30, 2019, among 543 pregnant women who visited antenatal care in the health facilities. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Pretested, interviewer-administered data collection was done using a standardized World Health Organization multicountry questionnaire for women’s health and domestic violence against women. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with violence. p value was set at p<0.05. Results. The overall prevalence of intimate partner violence during the current pregnancy was 37.5%: psychological (25.1%), sexual (17.7%), and physical violence (13.4%). Violence was associated with unplanned pregnancy ((AOR = 4.56, 95% CI: (2, 10.28)), unmarried women ((AOR = 2.59, 95% CI: (1.18, 5.73)), having alcoholic partner ((AOR = 3.3, 95% CI: (2.1, 5.16)), spouse’s multiple sexual partners status ((AOR = 5.1, 95% CI: (2.2, 12)), acceptance of violence by women ((AOR = 1.85, 95% CI: (1.1, 3.16)), low decision-making power of women ((AOR = 2.64, 95% CI: (1.6, 4.3)), and no interest in current pregnancy by partner ((AOR = 5.9, 95% CI: (2.36, 14.9)). Conclusions. More than one-third of pregnant women experienced intimate partner violence during a recent pregnancy. This is high and may lead to health consequences for both mothers and fetuses. Addressing gender inequitable norms, the culture of silence (support) to intimate partner violence in the community and women’s reproductive health information through intervention measures are very important to minimize the problem.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnitude of Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia

Adhena

Oljira

Dessie

et al. 2020

Advances in Public Health

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“…The prevalence rates of sexual IPV in pregnancy ranged from 0.0% (26) to 45.6% (27) in 98 studies including 155,324 women. Global prevalence rate of sexual IPV in pregnancy was (5.5%, 95% CI 40-7.5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Román-Gálvez

Martín‐Peláez

Zamora

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects outcomes of mothers and their offspring. This systematic review collated the worldwide literature on the prevalence rates of different types of IPV in pregnancy.Methods: Two reviewers independently identified cross sectional and cohort studies of IPV prevalence in pregnancy in online databases (PubMed, WOS and Scopus), selected and extracted data [participants' country, study quality, measurement tool (validation and purpose) and rates of IPV in pregnancy]. We considered a high quality study if it had a prospective design, an adequate sampling method, a sample size estimation, a response rate > 90%, a contemporary ascertainment of IPV in the index pregnancy, and a well-developed detailed IPV tool. We performed random effects meta-analysis and explored reasons for heterogeneity of rates.Results: One hundred fifty-five studies were included, of which 44 (28%) met two-thirds of the quality criteria. Worldwide prevalence of physical (126 studies, 220,462 participants), psychological (113 studies, 189,630 participants) and sexual (98 studies, 155,324 participants) IPV in pregnancy was 9.2% (95% CI 7.7–11.1%, I2 95.9%), 18.7% (15.1–22.9%, I2 98.2%), 5.5% (4.0–7.5%, I2 93.4%), respectively. Where several types of IPV were reported combined, the prevalence of any kind of IPV (118 studies, 124,838 participants) was 25.0% (20.3, 30.5%, I2 98.6%). IPV rates varied within and between continents, being the highest in Africa and the lowest in Europe (p < 0.001). Rates also varied according to measurement purpose, being higher for diagnosis than for screening, in physical (p = 0.022) and sexual (p = 0.014) IPV.Conclusions: IPV prevalence in pregnancy varies across countries, with one-quarter of mothers exposed on average globally. Routine systematic antenatal detection should be applied worldwide.Systematic Review Registration: identifier: CRD42020176131.

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“…At the moment, few studies have examined associations between community-level IPV and the SRH outcomes of women in sub-Saharan Africa generally or in Ghana specifically (see Chaquisse et al 2018; Gomez & Speizer, 2010; Speizer et al, 2009). And among these studies, none focuses on the same outcomes as we do.…”

Section: Community-level Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, like previous researchers (see Binka et al, 1995), they focused solely on physical violence and limited their analysis to the individual level. Meanwhile, studies from elsewhere suggest other types of violence (e.g., sexual and emotional violence) measured at different levels of aggregation (individual and community levels) could affect the reproductive health of female victims (see Chaquisse et al, 2018; Gomez & Speizer, 2010; Speizer et al, 2009) The current study fills these gaps; it represents the first known attempt to establish empirical connections between several types of IPV measured at different levels and the SRH outcomes of Ghanaian women. Specifically, we examined associations between physical, sexual, and emotional violence at both individual and community levels and women’s risk for unwanted pregnancy and/or pregnancy loss.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Intimate Partner Violence and the Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes of Women in Ghana

Tenkorang

2019

Health Educ Behav

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Few studies have examined the relationships between intimate partner violence (IPV) and the sexual and reproductive health outcomes of women in sub-Saharan countries in general and Ghana specifically. This study began to fill the gap by investigating whether individual- and community-level IPV influenced unwanted pregnancy and pregnancy loss among women in Ghana. Nationally representative cross-sectional data were collected from 2,289 ever-married women, and multilevel modeling was used to estimate individual- and community-level effects. At the individual level, IPV was significantly associated with unwanted pregnancy and pregnancy loss. Women with experience of both physical and sexual violence were more likely to have reported an unwanted pregnancy and a pregnancy loss. However, only those experiencing sexual violence reported unwanted pregnancies. Similarly, community-level IPV was associated with sexual health outcomes. Respondents in communities with higher levels of sexual violence were significantly more likely to have had unwanted pregnancies. The findings corroborate calls for policy makers to consider IPV a reproductive health issue. They also emphasize the need to move beyond individual-level interventions to consider structural and community contexts when addressing the sexual and reproductive health outcomes of women in Ghana.

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Sexual and physical intimate partner violence among women using antenatal care in Nampula, Mozambique

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Magnitude of Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia

Magnitude of Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia

Worldwide Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Intimate Partner Violence and the Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes of Women in Ghana

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