Sexo e percepção da dor e analgesia

Abstract

Sex is an important factor in painful experience modulation. Large volume of evidence shows that experience is different for males and females, as well as the answer to some classes of analgesics. Laboratory experiments suggest that women have a lower pain threshold than men related to pain from noxious stimuli such as heat, cold, pressure and electrical stimulation. Pain is a dynamic phenomenon under the influence of various mechanisms of excitatory and inhibitory control. The differences in pain perception related to sex may be associated with hyperalgesia in women, but also to the hypoactivity of the inhibitory system of pain in females. The purpose of this review besides showing some relationship for gonadal hormones, central nervous system and pain is to provide reference points for the discussion of one of the most intriguing aspects of the pathophysiology of pain: the differences in the presence of painful stimuli related to gender.

Impact of oral mucositis on oral‐health‐related quality of life of patients diagnosed with cancer

“…It is possible that this occurs due to the lower pain threshold of the male sex in comparison with the female sex. However, reports in the literature have demonstrated the contrary, because diverse factors are considered responsible for the differences in perception between the sexes, with emphasis on the great prevalence of pain in the female sex, among these the biological factors, such as the sex hormones, which represent one of the main mechanisms that explain these differences in pain perception between the sexes .…”

Dolor al administrar medicamento por inyección intramuscular: ventroglútea vs dorsoglútea

“…El dolor es una experiencia subjetiva que puede variar entre individuos en cuanto a intensidad y afrontamiento 25 ; no obstante, minimizarlo es una de las principales preocupaciones para enfermería, lo cual ha motivado distintos estudios que pretenden encontrar la técnica ideal en la administración de inyecciones para disminuir el dolor, entre las cuales -la elección del sitio para la inyección-ha sido considerada un factor importante, idea a la que se suma este proyecto.…”

Study on the characteristics of pain in patients with spinal cord injury

“…36,11 Many times this results in an increased response from the dorsal neurons to the entry of afferent signals and a consequent increase of information to the encephalon, a phenomenon known as central sensitization. 21,25 The pain intensity was 5.44 points, which was classified as moderate when the values were within the range of (4-6) and severe at (7-10) by the numerical scale of pain. 29 The average pain intensity for paraplegics was 5.76 ± 3.12, and for quadriplegics it was 4.13 ± 3.18, which is in conformity with the findings by Ulrich et al 35 where the pain intensity was 5.62 for paraplegics, however, it was lower for quadriplegics with 3.67, even though no significant differences were found between the diagnoses.…”

“…For example, in the data from Finnerup et al 7 in which there was an increased risk of pain for males over that for females. According to Palmeira et al 21 females report a more intense pain, more frequent episodes, anatomically more diffuse, and more lasting than males with similar diseases, even when disorders specific to the gender, such as male urological and female gynecological pain, are excluded from the analysis.…”

“…The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) recently defined neuropathic pain as caused by injuries or somatosensory nervous system diseases. 6,9,20,21 Neuropathic pain can occur in 34% to 94% of patients, 5 present after 5 years at the level of the lesion in 41%, and below the lesion in 34% of the individuals with SCI. 22 After an SCI, there are neuroplasticity phenomena, with consequent abnormal neuronal sprouting of the peripheral neurons located in the dorsal column of the spinal cord, resulting in an increase of painful synaptic transmission.…”