Sex-Specific Energy Intakes and Physical Activity Levels According to the Presence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Elderly People: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018

Jung, Won‐Sang; Park, Hun‐Young; Kim, Sung-Woo; Lim, Kiwon

doi:10.3390/ijerph17155416

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…According to a previous study, participants engaged in high-intensity PA (≥ 60 min per week) had a 63% lower incidence of MetS than those not engaged in high-intensity PA ( Laaksonen et al, 2002 ). In addition, a study of Koreans also reported a significantly lower incidence of MetS in groups participating in regular PA ( Jung et al, 2020 ). Recently, Lacroix et al (2019) reported that middle-aged and elderly women can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by performing low-intensity PA, such as gardening, walking in the park, and folding laundry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Sarcopenia, Obesity, Osteoporosis, and Cardiometabolic Health Conditions and Physical Activity Levels in Korean Older Adults

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to analyze the status of sarcopenia, obesity, osteoporosis, and cardiometabolic disease according to the level of physical activity (PA) among elderly people in Korea. Among the data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (2008–2011), we analyzed the data of a total of 3,573 Korean elderly people over 65 years of age who were surveyed for dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and PA. Higher levels of PA were associated with a lower prevalence of cardiometabolic disease (χ2 = 33.865, p < 0.001), osteoporosis (χ2 = 94.198, p < 0.001), sarcopenia, obesity, and sarcopenic obesity (χ2 = 71.828, p < 0.001). Above moderate-active PA was associated with lower body weight (p < 0.001), body fat mass (p < 0.001), and percent body fat (p < 0.001), and higher free-fat mass (p < 0.001) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) (p < 0.001) than in low-active PA. In addition, when high-active is the risk factors of cardiometabolic were lower in waist circumference (p = 0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (p = 0.015), and triglyceride (TG) (p < 0.001) than low- and moderate-active PA, and higher in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.001). The prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases was significantly decreased in high-active PA (odds ratio (OR) 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50–0.71); waist circumference (OR 0.85, 95% CI, 0.73–0.99; OR 0.59, 95% CI, 0.50–0.70) and HDL-C (OR 0.76, 95% CI, 0.65–0.88; OR 0.56, 95% CI, 0.47–0.67) significantly improved in moderate- and high-active PA, respectively, and TG (0.67 95% CI, 0.55–0.80) significantly improved in high-active PA. Osteoporosis (OR 0.62, 95% CI, 0.53–0.74; OR 0.46, 95% CI, 0.38–0.55) and sarcopenia (OR 0.77, 95% CI, 0.60–0.98; OR 0.73, 95% CI, 0.57–0.93) were significantly improved in moderate- and high-active PA, respectively. The incidence of obesity (OR 0.47, 95% CI, 0.39–0.57) and sarcopenic obesity (OR 0.47, 95% CI, 0.30–0.75) were significantly decreased in high-active PA. Therefore, we verified a lower prevalence of sarcopenia, osteoporosis, obesity, and cardiac metabolic disease in Korean elderly with more active PA. This suggests that more active PA maybe reduce the prevalence of sarcopenia, osteoporosis, obesity, and cardiometabolic diseases in older adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Sarcopenia, Obesity, Osteoporosis, and Cardiometabolic Health Conditions and Physical Activity Levels in Korean Older Adults

et al. 2021

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“…family and friends) is positively correlated with PA level, whereas living alone may promote a decrease in total PA, which may be as a risk factor for increased occurrence of MetS. Comparing our study with ESH and with mixed households (single and mixed-household type) [40], PA at the total PA and recreational moderate levels of elderly people with MetS in the mixed-household type was higher than in our study; therefore, it can be observed that PA among ESH is low. Moreover, when the total PA level of mixed-households and ESH in our study was compared by sex, there was no signi cant difference in the presence or absence of MetS in males by mixed-household type, but there was a signi cant difference in females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…A previous study of 477 people (aged 55-80 years) in Spain found that the MetS group had lower energy expenditure and less leisure-time PA (< 4 MET) than the non-MetS group [39]. Jung et al [40] [42] reported that having someone (e.g. family and friends) is positively correlated with PA level, whereas living alone may promote a decrease in total PA, which may be as a risk factor for increased occurrence of MetS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Physical Activity Levels and Energy Intake According to the Presence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Single-household Elderly in Korea: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016‒2018

Sung¹,

Park²

2022

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Background: Exercise and dietary and nutritional intake affect the risk and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in elderly people, effects that may differ according to sex in elderly single households (ESH). This study aimed to analyze the differences in physical activity (PA) levels and energy intake according to sex and prevalence of MetS among elderly people in Korea to investigate the relationships between these factors. Methods: Data from 893 elderly individuals (aged >65 years) were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016‒2018). We analyzed PA levels (occupational and recreational PA and place movement) and energy intake (EI; total, carbohydrate, protein, and fat), and found that there were sex differences in both according to the presence or absence of MetS in ESH.Results: Among both males and females, the MetS group had a significantly lower recreational moderate PA than the non-MetS group. However, total PA in males was significantly higher in the non-MetS than in the MetS group, but there was no significant difference in females. Furthermore, the EI of females did not differ in the presence or absence of MetS, except for fat intake, and in the nutritional intake of ESH in males, no difference was found in the presence or absence of MetS.Conclusions: Therefore, although no major problem was found in the EI of ESH in the MetS group, an increase in PA level appeared to be a more important factor in preventing MetS. Male ESH require interventions that increase PA, while female ESH require nutrition interventions that increase and balance PA. Therefore, a new program is needed that promotes continuous interest and healthy lifestyles in consideration of the characteristics of ESH.

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“…Reports have indicated excessive intake of carbohydrates at the expense of other macronutrients in elderly Koreans [40], and a positive association between high carbohydrate intake and risk of MetS in women [41][42][43][44][45]. A typical Korean diet is rich in refined grains, especially white rice and noodles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macronutrient Intake in Adults Diagnosed with Metabolic Syndrome: Using the Health Examinee (HEXA) Cohort

et al. 2021

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Macronutrient intake is important in the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to evaluate total energy and macronutrient intake of participants diagnosed with MetS at recruitment of the health examinees (HEXA) cohort, considering the plant and animal sources of each macronutrient. We included 130,423 participants aged 40–69 years for analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated to evaluate the intake of macronutrients stratified by gender. Energy and macronutrient intake were estimated by linking food frequency questionnaire data to the Korean food composition database, and were calculated separately for plant and animal foods. Low energy (men: OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92–0.98; women: OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–0.99), and fat intake (men: OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.90–0.96; women: OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.77–0.83) were observed. Only postmenopausal women had lower intake of total energy (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92–0.97), whereas low fat intake was observed in all women (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.77–0.83). For carbohydrate intake, the OR were 1.14 (95% CI: 1.08–1.22) and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.08–1.27) among women in their 50s and 60s, respectively. Protein intake was low (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86–0.95; and OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82–0.94) among women in their 50s and 60s, respectively. High intake of plant carbohydrates in women (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.12–1.20), and plant protein in both genders (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05–1.13) were observed, but low intake of total energy, fat, and animal-source carbohydrates in both genders was also observed. Fat intake was low regardless of food source. In conclusion, high consumption of plant-source macronutrients, and low consumption of animal-source macronutrients was observed in Korean adults diagnosed with MetS. Attention should be directed to plant sources of carbohydrates and proteins when designing population interventions for metabolic syndrome reduction in Korea.

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Sex-Specific Energy Intakes and Physical Activity Levels According to the Presence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Elderly People: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

Relationship Between Sarcopenia, Obesity, Osteoporosis, and Cardiometabolic Health Conditions and Physical Activity Levels in Korean Older Adults

Relationship Between Sarcopenia, Obesity, Osteoporosis, and Cardiometabolic Health Conditions and Physical Activity Levels in Korean Older Adults

Physical Activity Levels and Energy Intake According to the Presence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Single-household Elderly in Korea: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016‒2018

Macronutrient Intake in Adults Diagnosed with Metabolic Syndrome: Using the Health Examinee (HEXA) Cohort

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