Sex Specific Cell Differentiation in Different Types of Intersexes of Lymantria dispar L.

Mosbacher, G. C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66069-6_15

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Mosbacher [1973] reinvestigated Lymantria intersexes and found that this was also true for ZZ intersexes of Lymantria. The WZ intersexes, however, displayed intermediary sexual characters even in single cell structures like sensilla of antennae and wing scales [Mosbacher, 1975;Mosbacher and Scheffler, 1975]. This is incompatible with either of the two theories.…”

Section: Intersexescontrasting

confidence: 53%

Sex Chromosomes and Sex Determination in Lepidoptera

Traut

Sahara

Marec

2007

Sex Dev

161

181

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The speciose insect order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) and their closest relatives, Trichoptera (caddis flies), share a female-heterogametic sex chromosome system. Originally a Z/ZZ (female/male) system, it evolved by chromosome rearrangement to a WZ/ZZ (female/male) system in the most species-rich branch of Lepidoptera, a monophyletic group consisting of Ditrysia and Tischeriina, which together comprise more than 98% of all species. Further sporadic rearrangements created multi-sex chromosome systems; sporadic losses of the W changed the system formally back to Z/ZZ in some species. Primary sex determination depends on a Z-counting mechanism in Z/ZZ species, but on a female-determining gene, Fem, in the W chromosome of the silkworm. The molecular mechanism is unknown in both cases. The silkworm shares the last step, dsx, of the hierarchical sex-determining pathway with Drosophila and other insects investigated, but probably not the intermediate steps between the primary signal and dsx. The W chromosome is heterochromatic in most species. It contains few genes and is flooded with interspersed repetitive elements. In interphase nuclei of females it is readily discernible as a heterochromatic body which grows with increasing degree of polyploidy in somatic cells. It is used as a marker for the genetic sex in studies of intersexes and Wolbachia infections. The sex chromosome system is being exploited in economically important species. Special strains have been devised for mass rearing of male-only broods in the silkworm for higher silk production and in pest species for the release of sterile males in pest management programs.

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Section: Intersexescontrasting

confidence: 53%

Sex Chromosomes and Sex Determination in Lepidoptera

Traut

Sahara

Marec

2007

Sex Dev

161

181

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“…A rather similar type of sexual intergrade with mosaic wings and male and female organs has been bred from crosses between geographical races of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Goldschmidt 1934;Mosbacher 1973Mosbacher , 1975. As in O. scapulalis, they were of a homogeneous ZZ genotype (in reciprocal crosses, WZ intersexes arise, but they are mostly not mosaics).…”

Section: Discussion (A) Wz-zz Sex-chromosome Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposite sex–specific effects ofWolbachiaand interference with the sex determination of its hostOstrinia scapulalis

Kageyama

Traut

2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

104

131

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In the adzuki bean borer, Ostrinia scapulalis, the sex ratio in most progenies is 1 : 1. Females from Wolbachia-infected matrilines, however, give rise to all-female broods when infected and to all-male broods when cured of the infection. These observations had been interpreted as Wolbachia-induced feminization of genetic males into functional females. Here, we show that the interpretation is incorrect. Females from both lines have a female karyotype with a WZ sex-chromosome constitution while males are ZZ. At the time of hatching from eggs, WZ and ZZ individuals are present at a 1 : 1 ratio in broods from uninfected, infected and cured females. In broods from Wolbachia-infected females, ZZ individuals die during larval development, whereas in those from cured females, WZ individuals die. Hence, development of ZZ individuals is impaired by Wolbachia but development of WZ females may require the presence of Wolbachia in infected matrilines. Sexual mosaics generated (i) by transfection of uninfected eggs and (ii) by tetracycline treatment of Wolbachia-infected mothers prior to oviposition were ZZ in all tissues, including typically female organs. We conclude that: (i) Wolbachia acts by manipulating the sex determination of its host; and (ii) although sexual mosaics can survive, development of a normal female is incompatible with a ZZ genotype.

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“…However, it may occur when the balance of the strength of the sexual determinants collapses, as in matings between insects from different localities. Mosbacher (1975) confirmed the existence of the intersex by examining the shapes of forewing scales and antenna hairs in hybridization crosses of L. dispar. In his hypothesis (Goldschmidt, 1955), the female sex determinant (F) is located on the W chromosome, and each egg contains a W chromosome at least until meiosis, as the female is heterogametic, or ZW.…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 64%

Male death resulting from hybridization between subspecies of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar

et al. 2010

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We explored the origin of all-female broods resulting from male death in a Hokkaido population of Lymantria dispar through genetic crosses based on the earlier experiments done by Goldschmidt and by testing for the presence of endosymbionts that are known to cause male killing in some insect species. The mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of the all-female broods in Hokkaido were different from those of normal Hokkaido females and were the same as those widely distributed in Asia, including Tokyo (TK). Goldschmidt obtained all-female broods through backcrossing, that is, F1 females obtained by a cross between TK females (L. dispar japonica) and Hokkaido males (L. dispar praeterea) mated with Hokkaido males. He also obtained all-male broods by mating Hokkaido females with TK males. Goldschmidt inferred that female-and male-determining factors were weakest in the Hokkaido subspecies and stronger in the Honshu (TK) subspecies. According to his theory, the females of all-female broods mated with Honshu males should produce normal sexratio broods, whereas weaker Hokkaido sexes would be expected to disappear in F1 or F2 generations after crossing with the Honshu subspecies. We confirmed both of Goldschmidt's results: in the case of all-female broods mated with Honshu males, normal sex-ratio broods were produced, but we obtained only all-female broods in the Goldschmidt backcross and obtained an all-male brood in the F1 generation of a Hokkaido female crossed with a TK male. We found no endosymbionts in all-female broods by 4, 0 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Therefore, the all-female broods observed in L. dispar are caused by some incompatibilities between Honshu and Hokkaido subspecies.

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Sex Specific Cell Differentiation in Different Types of Intersexes of Lymantria dispar L.

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Sex Chromosomes and Sex Determination in Lepidoptera

Sex Chromosomes and Sex Determination in Lepidoptera

Opposite sex–specific effects ofWolbachiaand interference with the sex determination of its hostOstrinia scapulalis

Male death resulting from hybridization between subspecies of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar

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