Sex-related differences in steroid concentrations in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis trossulus) from the southern Baltic Sea

Zabrzańska, Sandra; Smolarz, Katarzyna; Hallmann, Anna; Konieczna, Lucyna; Bączek, Tomasz; Wołowicz, Maciej

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.12.029

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Until 2000s, in most cases, researchers observed the balanced sex ratio equal to 1:1 (female:male, ♀:♂) in the mussel M. galloprovincialis off coast of Crimea (Ivanov et al, 1989; Kudinsky et al, 1990; Pirkova, 1994). Similar data were obtained for the Mediterranean mussel in the Sea of Japan (Kiyomoto et al, 1996), in the Atlantic off the coast of Spain (Saаvedra et al, 1997), as well as for a closely related species M. edulis from the Baltic Sea (Zabrzańska et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Effects of environmental factors on changing sex structure of cultivated mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck, 1819) in the coastal zone of the Black Sea

Chelyadina

Поспелова

Popov

2021

Internat Rev Hydrobiol

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Anthropogenically‐induced stressors such as eutrophication and pollution cause fundamental changes of environmental factors in many coastal ecosystems worldwide and may subsequently alter the sex structure of bivalve populations. Such a change of sex structure was observed in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis at the Black Sea coast of Crimea, where the sex ratio shifted toward male mussels. This pattern may be caused by the sex inversion in females, higher female mortality, and their falling off to the bottom. Experiments with cultivated mussels M. galloprovincialis were conducted in natural and laboratory conditions to identify the reasons for this phenomenon. The inversion of the mussel sex proceeds in one direction: from females to males. The change of sex occurs under the influence of environmental factors during the post‐spawning restructuring of gonads. Such factors can be adverse hydrological and hydrochemical conditions; environmental pollution; food availability; age and size of mollusks. The sex inversion of mussels in the polluted water area was 20% higher than in the relatively clean water of the mussel farm. The higher mortality of mussel females (69%) in the polluted area as compared to the clean one (19%) was also observed. In a laboratory experiment, the mortality level of females was 34% higher than that of males. The sex ratio on the farm, 1:2.9 (♀:♂), and on the bottom under the farm, 2.6:1 (♀:♂), was found, and the predominance of females at the bottom under the farm was noted. A bias in the sex structure in one direction—from females to males—can have economic implications in aquaculture as well as ecological significance. The increasing anthropogenic impacts on natural mussel populations can cause abnormal bias of sex ratio.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Effects of environmental factors on changing sex structure of cultivated mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck, 1819) in the coastal zone of the Black Sea

Chelyadina

Поспелова

Popov

2021

Internat Rev Hydrobiol

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“…In spite of that, an association between gametogenesis stage and steroid content was reported with maximal steroids concentration often observed during reproduction peak and minimal concentration during low stage of gametogenesis (Ni, Zeng & Ke, 2013; Wang & Croll, 2007; Liu, Li & Kong, 2008; Ciocan et al, 2010; Morthorst et al, 2014; Hallmann et al, 2016). In Mytilus trossulus from the Gulf of Gdańsk (Baltic Sea, Poland), seasonal differences in E2 and T concentrations in gonads and gills were also found, but no direct relation between steroids level and stage of gonad development was confirmed (Zabrzańska et al, 2015; Hallmann et al, 2016; Smolarz et al, 2018). Instead, a strong correlation between water temperature and steroids level was observed (Smolarz et al, 2018) suggesting temperature as an important factor influencing tissue steroids content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aromatisation of steroids in the bivalveMytilus trossulus

Hallmann

Konieczna

Świeżak

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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In this study, we demonstrated the presence of the enzymatic complex able to perform aromatization (estrogen synthesis) in both, the microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of gills and gonads from Mytilus trossulus. Based on in vitro experiments, we highlighted the importance of temperature as the limiting factor of aromatisation efficiency (AE) in mussels. After testing range of temperatures (4–23 °C), the highest AE was found during incubation at 8 °C and pH 7.6 (41.66 pmol/h/mg protein in gills and 58.37 pmol/h/mg protein in gonads). The results were confirmed during field studies where the most efficient aromatisation occurred in bivalves collected in spring while the least effective in those collected in winter. During in vitro studies, AE turned out to be more intensive in female gonads than in male gonads. The process was also more intensive in mitochondrial fraction than in microsomal one (62.97 pmol/h/mg protein in male gills and 73.94 pmol/h/mg protein in female gonads). Enzymatic complex (aromatase-like enzyme) catalysing aromatisation in mussels was found to be insensitive to inhibitory effect of selective inhibitors of mammalian aromatase such as letrozole and anastrazole, suggesting its different structure from vertebrate aromatase. Further in vivo studies using 13C-labeled steroids at 8 °C temperature window confirmed that bivalves are able to uptake testosterone and androstenedione from the ambient environment and metabolise them to estrone and 17β-estradiol thus confirming endogenous estrogen’ synthesis.

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“…Similarly, the tissue levels of total estrogens detected (Table S5) are generally lower (at ~ 0.5–3 ng/g ww) than those previously reported in Chinese coastal waters (1374–3199 ng/g lipid weight) (Zhang et al 2011 ), though differing units make direct comparison problematical. The average estrogen levels (~ E2 1.94 ng/g, EE2 1.05 ng/g ww) (Table S5) in gonads are similar to Baltic Sea mussels M. edulis-trossulus hybrids (3.9–4.8 ng/g wet weight) (Zabrzanska et al 2015 ) and Antarctic clams for E2 (0.8–2 ng/g wet weight) (Emnet et al 2015 ). To compare, freshwaters receive effluents with EE2 as high as 800 ng/L (Koplin et al 2002 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Gonadal Atresia, Estrogen-Responsive, and Apoptosis-Specific mRNA Expression in Marine Mussels from the East China Coast: A Preliminary Study

Zhu

Chapman

et al. 2022

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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This preliminary survey analysed mussel atresia incidences, estrogen-responsive and apoptotic-specific molecular end points, and aqueous and gonadal levels of selected estrogens from the East China coast. Estrogen levels were low (e.g. < LOD-28.36 ng/L, < LOD-3.88 ng/g wet weight of tissue for BPA) relative to worldwide freshwater environments, but high oocyte follicle atresia incidences (up to 26.6%) occurred at selected sites. Expression of estrogen-responsive ER2 was significantly increased in males relative to females at sites with high atresia incidences in females. A second estrogen-responsive gene, V9, was significantly increased at two sites in April in females relative to males; the opposite was true for the remaining two sites. Apoptosis-specific genes (Bcl-2, fas) showed elevated expression in males relative to females at the site with the highest atresia incidence. These results provide coastal estrogen levels and the utility of several estrogen-specific molecular-level markers for marine mussels.

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Sex-related differences in steroid concentrations in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis trossulus) from the southern Baltic Sea

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of environmental factors on changing sex structure of cultivated mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck, 1819) in the coastal zone of the Black Sea

Effects of environmental factors on changing sex structure of cultivated mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck, 1819) in the coastal zone of the Black Sea

Aromatisation of steroids in the bivalveMytilus trossulus

Gonadal Atresia, Estrogen-Responsive, and Apoptosis-Specific mRNA Expression in Marine Mussels from the East China Coast: A Preliminary Study

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