Sex-related differences in general intelligence g, brain size, and social status

Nyborg, Helmuth

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.12.011

Cited by 68 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In line with this, owing to differences in IQ across races (e.g., Herrnstein & Murray, 1994;Hunt, 2011;Rushton & Jensen, 2005;Sternberg, Grigorenko, & Kidd, 2005), the crime rates within a country might not be best reflected by the IQ distribution, particularly within the non-intellectual population. Second, it has been widely accepted that men on average have a significantly higher IQ level than women do, by a range of 3-5 points (Irwing, 2012;Irwing & Lynn, 2005;Jackson & Rushton, 2006;Keith, Reynolds, Patel, & Ridley, 2008;Lynn, 1994Lynn, , 1999Lynn & Irwing, 2004;Nyborg, 2005). However, statistics showed that males had an imprisonment rate 14 times higher than the rate for females (Carson & Golinelli, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimes and the Bell curve: The role of people with high, average, and low intelligence

Burhan¹,

Kurniawan²,

Sidek³

et al. 2014

Intelligence

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The present study examines whether crime rates can be reduced by increasing the IQ of people with high, average, and low IQ. Previous studies have shown that as a determinant of the national level of income per capita growth and technological achievement, the IQ of the intellectual class (those at the 95 th percentile of the Bell curve distribution of population intelligence) is more important than the IQ of those with average ability at the 50 th percentile.Extending these findings, our study incorporates the non-intellectual class (IQ at the 5 th percentile) to examine the role of IQ classes in determining crime rates across countries. We conducted hierarchical multiple regression analyses with IQ, seven types of crimes, and nine control variables: urbanization, alcohol consumption, unemployment rate, young to old population ratio, income inequality, education attainment, drug consumption, police rate, and income per capita. Regardless of types of crimes, we found evidence that raising IQ will lessen crime rates, with raises in the 95 th percentile group having the most number of significant impacts, followed by the 50 th and then the 5 th percentile groups. Furthermore, none of the nine control factors was stronger than the 95 th percentile group in predicting crime rates. We conclude that the intellectual class influences rates of more types of crime than the non-intellectual class does. The intellectual class has the highest authority in 2 determining law enforcement and development policies. Therefore, increasing the IQ of politicians and leaders from this class than other social classes will have a more significant influence in reducing crime rates, through enhanced functionality and quality of institutions across countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimes and the Bell curve: The role of people with high, average, and low intelligence

Burhan¹,

Kurniawan²,

Sidek³

et al. 2014

Intelligence

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show abstract

“…These sex differences arise largely after puberty, when sex-specific fitness payoffs diverge (Lynn, 1999). Also, some recent evidence suggests that intelligence levels follow a similar developmental trajectory, resulting in a slightly higher male mean intelligence in mature adulthood (Irwing & Lynn, 2005;Nyborg, 2005;Rojahn & Naglieri, 2006). Other research however suggests no adult sex difference in g (Camarata & Woodcock, 2006;Colom, Juan-Espinosa, Abad, & Garcia, 2000;van der Sluis et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of human intelligence and the coefficient of additive genetic variance in human brain size

2007

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“…Halpern 2000;Nyberg 2005;Pinker and Spelke 2005). It is beyond the scope of this paper to review this body of literature.…”

Section: Gender and Visuospatial Abilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender, Video Game Playing Habits and Visual Memory Tasks

2007

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The current research examined whether visuospatial recall of both abstract and common objects was related to gender or object familiarity. Seventy two undergraduates from a university in the Southern U.S. were asked to draw the Rey Complex Figure and a series of common objects from memory. A pilot sample of seventy three undergraduates had previously identified common objects as "male" "female" and "neutral" exemplars. Males were significantly better at drawing "male" and "neutral" exemplars whereas females were better at drawing "female" exemplars. Neither gender was significantly better at the Rey task. These results question whether males have an inherent advantage in visual memory. Results also found that experience with playing violent video games was associated with higher visual memory recall.

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Sex-related differences in general intelligence g, brain size, and social status

Cited by 68 publications

References 21 publications

Crimes and the Bell curve: The role of people with high, average, and low intelligence

Crimes and the Bell curve: The role of people with high, average, and low intelligence

The evolution of human intelligence and the coefficient of additive genetic variance in human brain size

Gender, Video Game Playing Habits and Visual Memory Tasks

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